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אָשָׁם (asam)

אָשָׁם (asam) (Hebrew Lexicon • H817 • guilt offering, trespass offering, guilt): guilt offering, trespass offering, guilt. Guilt offering, reparation offering; required when sacred things were violated, mandating full restitution plus one-fifth; applied to Servant ( Isaiah 53:10 ). It is closely linked with προσφορά (prosphora) (Greek Lexicon • G4376 • a bringing to, offering, a present): a bringing to, offering, a present. Primary meaning: a bringing to, offering, a present, an offering. Strong's: presentation; concretely, an oblation (bloodless) or sacrifice. Lexical nuances: a bringing to , offering (Plat., al.).

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

3D Sanctuary Reconstructions: Bronze Altar of Burnt Offering — Large hollow acacia-wood altar overlaid with bronze (brass) standing in the Tabernacle courtyard near the eastern gate, equipped with four horns and a bronze grating for sacrificial offerings.

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Primary KJV scripture witnesses include Ezra 10:19 : "And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass."; Matthew 26:66 : "What think ye? They answered and said, He is guilty of death."; Numbers 5:31 : "Then shall the man be guiltless from iniquity, and this woman shall bear her iniquity.". Related canonical books and chapters: Leviticus 5 ( Leviticus • Chapter 5 (19 verses)), Leviticus 7 ( Leviticus • Chapter 7 (38 verses)), Numbers 28 ( Numbers • Chapter 28 (31 verses)).

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary

Topics, People & Places (36)

אָשָׁם
asam (ʾāšām) [aw-SHAWM]
H817 Hebrew noun masculine 46x
guilt offering, trespass offering, guilt

Guilt offering, reparation offering; required when sacred things were violated, mandating full restitution plus one-fifth; applied to Servant (Isaiah 53:10).

Derivation: From אָשֵׁם (H816) to be guilty.
προσφορά
prosphora (prosphorá) [pros-for-ah']
G4376 Greek noun feminine 9x
a bringing to, offering, a present

Primary meaning: a bringing to, offering, a present, an offering. Strong's: presentation; concretely, an oblation (bloodless) or sacrifice. Lexical nuances: a bringing to , offering (Plat., al.).

Derivation: from G4374 (προσφέρω);
מִנְחָה
minha (minḥâ) [min-KHAW]
H4503 Hebrew noun feminine 211x
grain offering, tribute, gift, oblation

Grain offering, tribute presented to sovereign; bloodless offering of flour, oil, and frankincense salted with covenant salt.

Derivation: From an unused root meaning to apportion.
θυσία
thysia (thysía) [thoo-see'-ah]
G2378 Greek noun feminine 28x
an offering, sacrifice, a sacrifice

Primary meaning: an offering, sacrifice, a sacrifice. Strong's: sacrifice (the act or the victim, literally or figuratively). Lexical nuances: actively, an offering , sacrifice (Hdt., al.).

Derivation: from G2380 (θύω);
חַטָּאָת
hattat (ḥaṭṭāʾt) [khat-TAWTH]
H2403 Hebrew noun feminine 296x
sin offering, purification offering, sin

Sin offering, purification offering, sin itself; sacrificial animal whose blood purified sanctuary and altar from defilement.

Derivation: From חָטָא (H2398) to miss mark, sin.
עֹלָה
ola (ʿōlâ) [o-LAW]
H5930 Hebrew noun feminine 286x
burnt offering, ascending sacrifice

Burnt offering; sacrifice wholly consumed by fire on altar, its sweet aroma ascending completely to God, symbolizing total surrender.

Derivation: From עָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend.
זֶבַח
zebah (zeḇaḥ) [ZEH-vakh]
H2077 Hebrew noun masculine 162x
sacrifice, slaughtered meal, oblation

Sacrifice, slaughtered animal offering followed by communal sacred meal; common term for bloody sacrifice alongside burnt offerings.

Derivation: From זָבַח (H2076) to slaughter.
Leviticus 5
99% Chapter
Leviticus • Chapter 5 (19 verses)

And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity. Or if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or ... Mentions: Moses .

שֶׁלֶם
selem (šelem) [SHEH-lem]
H8002 Hebrew noun masculine 87x
peace offering, fellowship sacrifice

Peace offering, fellowship sacrifice; portions given to God, priest, and shared by worshiper in joyful communal meal.

Derivation: From שָׁלַם (H7999) to be complete, make peace.
קָרְבָּן
qorban (qorbān) [kor-BAWN]
H7133 Hebrew noun masculine 82x
offering, oblation, sacrificial gift

Offering, sacrificial present brought near; generic term for all oblations presented at altar, reflecting worshiper drawing near to God.

Derivation: From קָרַב (H7126) to come near, present.
Leviticus 7
99% Chapter
Leviticus • Chapter 7 (38 verses)

Likewise this is the law of the trespass offering: it is most holy. In the place where they kill the burnt offering shall they kill the trespass offering: and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle round about upon the altar. And he shall offer of it all the fat thereof; the rump, a... Mentions: Aaron , Moses , Jacob/Israel , Sinai .

ἁμαρτία
hamartia (hamartía) [ham-ar-tee'-ah]
G0266 Greek noun feminine 173x
a missing the mark, guilt, sin

Primary meaning: a missing the mark, guilt, sin, a fault, failure. Strong's: a sin (properly abstract). Lexical nuances: prop. a missing the mark ; in cl. (v. reff. to CR in MM, VGT , s.v.); guilt , sin (Plat., Arist., al.); more freq., from Æsch. down, a fault, failure . In NT (as LXX) always in ethical sense; as a principle and quality of action, = τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν , a sinning, sin : Ro 5:12 , 13 20 ; ὑφ’ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι , Ro 3:9 ; ἐπιμένειν , Ro 6:1 ; ἀποθνήσκειν, νεκρὸν εἶναι τῇ ἁ. , Ro 6:2 , 11 ; τὴν ἀ. γινώσκει...

Derivation: from G264 (ἁμαρτάνω);
תּוֹדָה
toda (tôḏâ) [toe-DAW]
H8426 Hebrew noun feminine 32x
thanksgiving, confession, thank offering

Thanksgiving choir, thank offering sacrifice (Leviticus 7:12), confession of God's righteous truth; enter His gates with thanksgiving (Psalm 100:4).

Derivation: From יָדָה (H3034).
Interactive 3D Model • Exodus 27:1–8

Large hollow acacia-wood altar overlaid with bronze (brass) standing in the Tabernacle courtyard near the eastern gate, equipped with four horns and a bronze grating for sacrificial offerings.

תְּנוּפָה
tenupa (tǝnûp̄â) [ten-oo-FAW]
H8573 Hebrew noun feminine 30x
wave offering, elevation, dedication

Wave offering; sacrificial motion moving offering toward altar and back to symbolize presenting to God and receiving back for sacred use.

Derivation: From נוּף (H5130) to wave, vibrate.
שָׂעִיר
sair (śāʿîr) [saw-EER]
H8163 Hebrew noun masculine / adjective 59x
he-goat, hairy goat, sin offering goat

He-goat, buck; standard animal for communal sin offerings, ruler's sin offering, and the two goats on Day of Atonement.

Derivation: From שָׂעַר (H8175) to bristle, be hairy.
Numbers 28
98% Chapter
Numbers • Chapter 28 (31 verses)

And the Lord spake unto Moses , saying, Command the children of Israel , and say unto them, My offering, and my bread for my sacrifices made by fire, for a sweet savour unto me, shall ye observe to offer unto me in their due season. And thou shalt say unto them, This is the offerin... Mentions: Moses , Jacob/Israel , Sinai .

Leviticus 2
95% Chapter
Leviticus • Chapter 2 (16 verses)

And when any will offer a grain offering unto the Lord, his offering shall be of fine flour; and he shall pour oil upon it, and put frankincense thereon: And he shall bring it to Aaron 's sons the priests: and he shall take thereout his handful of the flour thereof, and of the oil... Mentions: Aaron .

Leviticus 3
91% Chapter
Leviticus • Chapter 3 (17 verses)

And if his oblation be a sacrifice of peace offering, if he offer it of the herd; whether it be a male or female, he shall offer it without blemish before the Lord. And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill it at the door of the tabernacle of the congregat... Mentions: Aaron .

Leviticus 6
89% Chapter
Leviticus • Chapter 6 (30 verses)

And the Lord spake unto Moses , saying, If a soul sin, and commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie unto his neighbour in that which was delivered him to keep, or in fellowship, or in a thing taken away by violence, or hath deceived his neighbour; Or have found that which was l... Mentions: Moses , Aaron .

Hebrews 10
88% Chapter
Hebrews • Chapter 10 (39 verses)

For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect. For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers... Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah , Moses .

Leviticus 1
85% Chapter
Leviticus • Chapter 1 (17 verses)

And the Lord called unto Moses , and spake unto him out of the tabernacle of the congregation, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel , and say unto them, If any man of you bring an offering unto the Lord, ye shall bring your offering of the cattle, even of the herd, and of the ... Mentions: Moses , Jacob/Israel , Aaron .

Numbers 15
83% Chapter
Numbers • Chapter 15 (41 verses)

And the Lord spake unto Moses , saying, Speak unto the children of Israel , and say unto them, When ye be come into the land of your habitations, which I give unto you, And will make an offering by fire unto the Lord, a burnt offering, or a sacrifice in performing a vow, or in a fr... Mentions: Moses , Jacob/Israel , Aaron , Egypt .

θύω
thyo (thýō) [thoo'-o]
G2380 Greek verb 14x
to offer, to sacrifice, offer sacrifice

Primary meaning: to offer, to sacrifice, offer sacrifice, to slay. Strong's: properly, to rush (breathe hard, blow, smoke), i.e. (by implication) to sacrifice (properly, by fire, but genitive case); by extension to immolate (slaughter for any purpose). Lexical nuances: to offer first fruits to a god.

Derivation: a primary verb;
Numbers 29
80% Chapter
Numbers • Chapter 29 (40 verses)

And in the seventh month, on the first day of the month, ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work: it is a day of blowing the trumpets unto you. And ye shall offer a burnt offering for a sweet savour unto the Lord; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs... Mentions: Moses , Jacob/Israel .

Leviticus 9
79% Chapter
Leviticus • Chapter 9 (24 verses)

And it came to pass on the eighth day, that Moses called Aaron and his sons, and the elders of Israel ; And he said unto Aaron , Take thee a young calf for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering, without blemish, and offer them before the Lord. And unto the children of Isra... Mentions: Moses , Aaron, Jacob/Israel .

תָּמִיד
tamid (tāmîḏ) [taw-MEED]
H8548 Hebrew adverb / noun masculine 104x
continually, perpetual offering, regular

Continuity, regularity, daily continual offering (tamid); represents uninterrupted communion and devotion before God.

Derivation: From an unused root meaning to stretch.
עָוֺן
awon (ʿāwōn) [aw-VONE]
H5771 Hebrew noun masculine 231x
iniquity, perversity, guilt and punishment

Crookedness, perversity, iniquity, guilt, and the punishment incurred by twisted rebellion; theological triad with chatta'at and pesha (Exodus 34:7).

Derivation: From עָוָה (H5753) to bend, twist, pervert.
Psalms 51
73% Chapter
Psalms • Chapter 51 (19 verses)

Have mercy upon me, O God, according to thy lovingkindness: according unto the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions. Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. For I acknowledge my transgressions: and my sin is ever before me. Mentions: Zion , Jerusalem .

Scripture Passages (24)

And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass.

What think ye? They answered and said, He is guilty of death.

Then shall the man be guiltless from iniquity, and this woman shall bear her iniquity.

Accuse not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty.

For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all.

Ye have heard the blasphemy: what think ye? And they all condemned him to be guilty of death.

But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.

And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty.

And David said to Abishai, Destroy him not: for who can stretch forth his hand against the Lord's anointed, and be guiltless?

Thine eye shall not pity him, but thou shalt put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel , that it may go well with thee.

And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing:

Moreover ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer, which is guilty of death: but he shall be surely put to death.

Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.

Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the Lord.

Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

And afterward when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless before the Lord for ever from the blood of Abner the son of Ner :

And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done unto us? one of the people might lightly have lien with thy wife, and thou shouldest have brought guiltiness upon us.

When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments of the Lord his God concerning things which should not be done, and is guilty;

Speak unto the children of Israel , When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the Lord, and that person be guilty;

Whose possessors slay them, and hold themselves not guilty: and they that sell them say, Blessed be the Lord; for I am rich: and their own shepherds pity them not.

And the revenger of blood find him without the borders of the city of his refuge, and the revenger of blood kill the slayer; he shall not be guilty of blood:

And the land be subdued before the Lord: then afterward ye shall return, and be guiltless before the Lord, and before Israel ; and this land shall be your possession before the Lord.

And the woman of Tekoah said unto the king, My lord, O king, the iniquity be on me, and on my father's house: and the king and his throne be guiltless.

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