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אָשָׁם (asam)

אָשָׁם (asam) (Hebrew Lexicon • H817 • guilt offering, trespass offering, guilt): guilt offering, trespass offering, guilt. Guilt offering, reparation offering; required when sacred things were violated, mandating full restitution plus one-fifth; applied to Servant ( Isaiah 53:10 ). Within the broader Biblical Knowledge Graph, this connects directly to The Fall, Hamartiology & The Effects of Original Sin —Biblical-primary certainty on the historical rebellion in Eden ( Gen 3 ), resulting in universal sinfulness, guilt, spiritual death, and condemnation ( Rom 3:23 , 5:12-21 ). Theories on the transmission of original sin (Federal Headship vs Realism vs Ancestral Sin ) are cataloged under scholarly-debate.

Connected Genealogical Figures & Lineage

Judas (Generation 75 • Child of Mary ): see Mark 6:3 (mentioned in The First Book of the Maccabees 2, The First Book of the Maccabees 3, The First Book of the Maccabees 4)

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

Key geographical locations connected to this topic include Samothrace (Ancient biblical location referenced in Acts 16:11 .) Ebez (now Al-Bathan. Referenced in Josh 19:20 .) Moreh 2 (Ancient biblical location referenced in Judg 7:1 .) Beeroth Bene-jaakan (Ancient biblical location referenced in Deut 10:6 (identified with Mount Hor 1 ).)

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Primary KJV scripture witnesses include 1 Corinthians 11:27 : "Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord."; James 2:10 : "For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all."; Matthew 12:7 : "But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.". Related canonical books and chapters: Psalms 68 ( Psalms • Chapter 68 (35 verses)), 1 Samuel 6 ( 1 Samuel • Chapter 6 (21 verses)), Leviticus 7 ( Leviticus • Chapter 7 (38 verses)).

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary

Topics, People & Places (36)

אָשָׁם
asam (ʾāšām) [aw-SHAWM]
H817 Hebrew noun masculine 46x
guilt offering, trespass offering, guilt

Guilt offering, reparation offering; required when sacred things were violated, mandating full restitution plus one-fifth; applied to Servant (Isaiah 53:10).

Derivation: From אָשֵׁם (H816) to be guilty.
עָוֺן
awon (ʿāwōn) [aw-VONE]
H5771 Hebrew noun masculine 231x
iniquity, perversity, guilt and punishment

Crookedness, perversity, iniquity, guilt, and the punishment incurred by twisted rebellion; theological triad with chatta'at and pesha (Exodus 34:7).

Derivation: From עָוָה (H5753) to bend, twist, pervert.
ἁμαρτία
hamartia (hamartía) [ham-ar-tee'-ah]
G0266 Greek noun feminine 173x
a missing the mark, guilt, sin

Primary meaning: a missing the mark, guilt, sin, a fault, failure. Strong's: a sin (properly abstract). Lexical nuances: prop. a missing the mark ; in cl. (v. reff. to CR in MM, VGT , s.v.); guilt , sin (Plat., Arist., al.); more freq., from Æsch. down, a fault, failure . In NT (as LXX) always in ethical sense; as a principle and quality of action, = τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν , a sinning, sin : Ro 5:12 , 13 20 ; ὑφ’ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι , Ro 3:9 ; ἐπιμένειν , Ro 6:1 ; ἀποθνήσκειν, νεκρὸν εἶναι τῇ ἁ. , Ro 6:2 , 11 ; τὴν ἀ. γινώσκει...

Derivation: from G264 (ἁμαρτάνω);
Rebellion in Eden, Universal Guilt, Total Depravity, and Federal vs Realist Transmission

Biblical-primary certainty on the historical rebellion in Eden ( Gen 3 ), resulting in universal sinfulness, guilt, spiritual death, and condemnation ( Rom 3:23 , 5:12-21 ). Theories on the transmission of original sin (Federal Headship vs Realism vs Ancestral Sin ) are cataloged under scholarly-debate.

Samothrace
52% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 40.467°N, 25.486°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Acts 16:11 .

Judas
41% Gen 75
Generation 75 • Child of Mary

see Mark 6:3

ἁμαρτάνω
hamartano (hamartánō) [ham-ar-tan'-o]
G0264 Greek verb 43x
to miss the mark, to err, do wrong

Primary meaning: to miss the mark, to err, do wrong, to violate God's law. Strong's: properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e. (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin. Lexical nuances: to miss the mark (Hom., Æsch., al.), hence metaph. (Hom., al.), to err , do wrong .

Derivation: perhaps from G1 (Α) (as a negative particle) and the base of G3313 (μέρος);
θυμός
thymos (thymós) [thoo-mos']
G2372 Greek noun masculine 18x
passion, hot anger, wrath

Primary meaning: passion, hot anger, wrath, impulses. Strong's: passion (as if breathing hard). Lexical nuances: passion , hot anger , wrath : He 11:27 ; ὀργὴ καὶ θ. , Ro 2:8 , cf. Col 3:8 ; πικρία κ. θ. , Eph 4:31 ; πλησθῆναι, πλήρης θυμοῦ , Lk 4:28 , Ac 19:28 ; θ. ἔχειν , Re 12:12 ; οἶνος τ. θυμοῦ τ. πορνείας (cf. Je 28 (51):7 ), Re 14:8 18:3 (cf. Re 17:2 ); οἶνος τ. θ. τ. θεοῦ , Re 14:10 ; id., τ. ὀργῆς τ. θεοῦ , Re 16:19 19:15 ; ὁ θ. τ. θεοῦ , Re 14:19 15:1 , 7 16:1 ; pl., impulses or outbursts of ang...

Derivation: from G2380 (θύω);
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AUDIO • scripture

Traditional Tiberian cantillation (te'amim) chanting of the Masoretic Text of Genesis 13 -14 in Biblical Hebrew.

AdoniTzedek / Wikimedia Commons • Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 3.0
Ebez
37% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 32.262°N, 35.328°E

now Al-Bathan. Referenced in Josh 19:20 .

Moreh 2
36% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 32.618°N, 35.357°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Judg 7:1 .

Acts 19:1
35% Verse
Acts Chapter 19, Verse 1

Scripture passage in Acts 19:1

קֶדֶם
qedem (qeḏem) [KEH-dem]
H6924 Hebrew noun masculine 87x
antiquity, front, east, ancient time

East, front, ancient time, primeval origin; describes God's eternal pre-existence and the ancient goings-forth of Messiah (Micah 5:2).

Derivation: From קָדַם (H6923) to precede.
ὀργή
orge (orgḗ) [or-gay']
G3709 Greek noun feminine 36x
impulse, propensity, disposition

Primary meaning: impulse, propensity, disposition, anger. Strong's: properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e. (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implication punishment. Lexical nuances: impulse , propensity , disposition .

Derivation: from G3713 (ὀρέγομαι);
Psalms 68
Connected via אָשָׁם (asam) 33% Chapter
Psalms • Chapter 68 (35 verses)

Let God arise, let his enemies be scattered: let them also that hate him flee before him. As smoke is driven away, so drive them away: as wax melteth before the fire, so let the wicked perish at the presence of God. But let the righteous be glad; let them rejoice before God: yea,... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Benjamin , Judah , Zebulun , Naphtali , Sinai , Zalmon , Bashan , Jerusalem , Egypt .

ἀδικία
adikia (adikía) [ad-ee-kee'-ah]
G0093 Greek noun feminine 25x
injustice, unrighteousness, iniquity

Primary meaning: injustice, unrighteousness, iniquity, an unrighteous act. Strong's: (legal) injustice (properly, the quality, by implication, the act); morally, wrongfulness (of character, life or act). Lexical nuances: injustice : Lk 18:6 , Ro 9:14 .

Derivation: from G94 (ἄδικος);
ἀνομία
anomia (anomía) [an-om-ee'-ah]
G0458 Greek noun feminine 15x
lawlessness, iniquity

Primary meaning: lawlessness, iniquity. Strong's: illegality, i.e. violation of law or (genitive case) wickedness. Lexical nuances: lawlessness , iniquity : Mt 7:23 13:41 23:28 24:12 , Ro 6:19 , II Co 6:14 , II Th 2:3 , 7 , Tit 2:14 , He 1:9 , I Jo 3:4 ; in pl. (as LXX, Ps 31:1 , al.; v. Bl., § 32, 6; Swete, Mk. , 153), of acts or manifestations of lawlessness: Ro 4:7 (LXX) , He 10:17 .†

Derivation: from G459 (ἄνομος);
ἄνομος
anomos (ánomos) [an'-om-os]
G0459 Greek adjective 9x
lawless, wicked, without law

Primary meaning: lawless, wicked, without law. Strong's: lawless, i.e. (negatively) not subject to (the Jewish) law; (by implication, a Gentile), or (positively) wicked. Lexical nuances: lawless , wicked : Mk 15:28 , Lk 22:37 , Ac 2:23 , I Ti 1:9 , II Pe 2:8 ; ὁ ἄ. , II Th 2:8 (= ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας , II Th 2:3 ).

Derivation: from G1 (Α) (as a negative particle) and G3551 (νόμος);
Beeroth Bene-jaakan
31% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Mount Hor 1 • 30.317°N, 35.407°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Deut 10:6 (identified with Mount Hor 1 ).

ἁμάρτημα
hamartema (hamártēma) [ham-ar'-tay-mah]
G0265 Greek noun neuter 4x
a sinful deed, a sin

Primary meaning: a sinful deed, a sin. Strong's: a sin (properly concrete). Lexical nuances: an act of disobedience to divine law (Lft., Notes , 273), a sinful deed , a sin : Mk 3:28 , 29 , Ro 3:25 , I Co 6:18 , II Pe 1:9 , WH, mg.; αἰώνιων ἁ. ( DCG , i, 788 a ), Mk 3:29 (for exx. from π. , v. MM, VGT , s.v.).†

Derivation: from G264 (ἁμαρτάνω);
Beeroth
31% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 31.900°N, 35.217°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Josh 9:17 , Josh 18:25 , 2 Sam 4:2 , 2 Sam 23:37 , 1 Chr 11:39 , Ezra 2:25 .

צוּר
sur (ṣûr) [tsoor]
H6697 Hebrew noun masculine 73x
rock, cliff, boulder, fortress

Massive boulder, cliff; paramount metaphor for divine unchangeableness, refuge, and strength ('The Rock, His work is perfect', Deuteronomy 32:4).

Derivation: From צוּר (H6696) to bind, besiege.
1 Samuel 6
Connected via אָשָׁם (asam) 31% Chapter
1 Samuel • Chapter 6 (21 verses)

And the ark of the Lord was in the country of the Philistines seven months. And the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, What shall we do to the ark of the Lord? tell us wherewith we shall send it to his place. And they said, If ye send away the ark of the... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Joshua , Abel , Ekron , Ashdod , Gaza , Ashkelon , Gath .

Hadrach
31% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Damascus • 33.519°N, 36.313°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Zech 9:1 (identified with Damascus ).

γινώσκω
ginosko (ginṓskō) [ghin-oce'-ko]
G1097 Greek verb 220x
to be taking in knowledge, come to know, recognize, perceive, understand, to know, realize, to become known

Primary meaning: to be taking in knowledge, come to know, recognize, perceive, understand, to know, realize, to become known, to know. Strong's: to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed). Lexical nuances: to be taking in knowledge, come to know, recognize, perceive, understand ; in past tenses to know, realize ; pass., to become known : c. acc., Mt 22:18 , Mk 5:43 , Col 4:8 , I Th 3:5 , al. Pass., Mt 10:26 , Phl 4:5 , al.; seq. ὅτι , Mt 21:45 , Jo 4:1 , al.; τί , Mt 6:3 ; ἀπό , Mk 15:45 ; ὅ , Ro 7:15 ; τ. λεγόμενα , Lk 18:34 ; τ. θέλημα , Lk 12:47 ; τ. καρδίας , Lk 16:15 ; c acc. pers., of recog...

Derivation: a prolonged form of a primary verb;
Moreh 1
30% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Shechem • 32.214°N, 35.282°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 12:6 , Deut 11:30 (identified with Shechem ).

Leviticus 7
Connected via אָשָׁם (asam) 30% Chapter
Leviticus • Chapter 7 (38 verses)

Likewise this is the law of the trespass offering: it is most holy. In the place where they kill the burnt offering shall they kill the trespass offering: and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle round about upon the altar. And he shall offer of it all the fat thereof; the rump, a... Mentions: Aaron , Moses , Jacob/Israel , Sinai .

Psalms 32
Connected via עָוֺן (awon) 30% Chapter
Psalms • Chapter 32 (11 verses)

Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered. Blessed is the man unto whom the Lord imputeth not iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no guile. When I kept silence, my bones waxed old through my roaring all the day long.

Genesis 4
Connected via עָוֺן (awon) 30% Chapter
Genesis • Chapter 4 (26 verses)

And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain , and said, I have gotten a man from the Lord. And she again bare his brother Abel . And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the fr... Mentions: Adam , Cain, Abel, Enoch , Irad , Nod , Eden , Tubal .

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PDF • charts

Exhaustive lineage chart detailing longevity, toledot formulas, and patriarchal descent from Creation to Joseph in Egypt .

H. S. Osborn (1871) • Internet Archive / Public Domain Public Domain Mark 1.0

Scripture Passages (24)

Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.

For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all.

But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.

And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty.

What think ye? They answered and said, He is guilty of death.

Ye have heard the blasphemy: what think ye? And they all condemned him to be guilty of death.

Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.

Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou art a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood.

And David said to Abishai, Destroy him not: for who can stretch forth his hand against the Lord's anointed, and be guiltless?

And afterward when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless before the Lord for ever from the blood of Abner the son of Ner :

And the woman of Tekoah said unto the king, My lord, O king, the iniquity be on me, and on my father's house: and the king and his throne be guiltless.

Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Thine eye shall not pity him, but thou shalt put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel , that it may go well with thee.

So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the Lord.

Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth generation.

Thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed; and hast defiled thyself in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years: therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the heathen, and a mocking to all countries.

And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass.

And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done unto us? one of the people might lightly have lien with thy wife, and thou shouldest have brought guiltiness upon us.

And they said one to another, We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us.

And it shall be, when their fathers or their brethren come unto us to complain, that we will say unto them, Be favourable unto them for our sakes: because we reserved not to each man his wife in the war: for ye did not give unto them at this time, that ye should be guilty.

And it shall be, that whosoever shall go out of the doors of thy house into the street, his blood shall be upon his head, and we will be guiltless: and whosoever shall be with thee in the house, his blood shall be on our head, if any hand be upon him.

And if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance, and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done somewhat against any of the commandments of the Lord concerning things which should not be done, and are guilty;

When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments of the Lord his God concerning things which should not be done, and is guilty;

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