to ransom, redeem by paying price
To deliver by substitutionary payment, purchase out of bondage; required for every firstborn male (Exodus 13:13) and Israel's soul from Sheol (Psalm 49:15).
Derivation: Primitive root.
Penal Substitution, Christus Victor, Recapitulation, and Sacrificial Expiation
The cross as a substitutionary, reconciling, and victorious sacrifice is biblical-primary ( Isa 53 , Mark 10:45 , Rom 3:24-26 , 2 Cor 5:21 ). Specific theoretical frameworks synthesizing these facets (Anselmian satisfaction, Penal Substitution, Christus Victor) represent internal theological development and debate.
lamb, yearling sheep, sacrificial lamb
Young lamb, male yearling sheep without blemish; daily burnt offering (morning and evening tamid), Passover lamb, and symbol of innocent substitute.
Derivation: From an unused root meaning to dominate.
ransom, redemption price, bribe
Ransom price, redemption fee paid to deliver a forfeited life from death; basis of redemption where innocent substitute pays price.
Derivation: From כָּפַר (H3722) in sense of covering.
to lift up, carry, bear iniquity, forgive
To lift, carry, bear; in soteriological context, to bear away iniquity as substitutionary bearer, hence to forgive ('bearing iniquity and transgression', Exodus 34:7; Isaiah 53:4, 12).
Derivation: Primitive root.
iniquity, perversity, guilt and punishment
Crookedness, perversity, iniquity, guilt, and the punishment incurred by twisted rebellion; theological triad with chatta'at and pesha (Exodus 34:7).
Derivation: From עָוָה (H5753) to bend, twist, pervert.
Biblical Place • 33.248°N, 35.695°E
Ancient biblical location referenced in Matt 16:13 , Mark 8:27 .
Biblical Place • 31.992°N, 34.958°E
now Bayt Nabala. Referenced in Neh 11:34 .
to be light, swift, treat with contempt, curse
To be slight, trifling; in Piel, to treat with contempt, insult, curse, declare despicable; contrasted with honoring/treating as weighty.
Derivation: Primitive root.
Biblical Place • 31.621°N, 35.102°E
now Bayt Ummar. Referenced in Josh 15:59 .
Biblical Place • Megiddo • 32.584°N, 35.182°E
Ancient biblical location referenced in Josh 17:11 (identified with Megiddo ).
living, alive, life
Living, alive, vigorous; primary epithet of true God ('The Living God', El Chay) in distinction from lifeless idols.
Derivation: From חָיָה (H2421) to live.
uprightness, integrity, equity
Straightness, moral rectitude, integrity of walk before God and fellow humans.
Derivation: From יָשַׁר (H3474) to be straight.
ungodliness, impiety, ungodly deeds
Primary meaning: ungodliness, impiety, ungodly deeds, desires for ungodly things. Strong's: impiety, i.e. (by implication) wickedness. Lexical nuances: ungodliness , impiety : Ro 1:18 11:26 , II Ti 2:16 , Tit 2:12 ; ἔργα ἀσεβείας , ungodly deeds , Ju 15 ; ἐπιθυηίαι τ. ἀσεβειῶν , desires for ungodly things or deeds , Ju 18 ( DB , iv, 532; Cremer, 523; MM, s.v.).†
Derivation: from G765 (ἀσεβής);
Biblical Place • Shaphir • 31.744°N, 34.694°E
Ancient biblical location referenced in Mic 1:12 (identified with Shaphir ).
Biblical Place • 31.621°N, 35.029°E
Ancient biblical location referenced in 1 Sam 22:5 .
soul, life, living being, person
Throat, neck, appetite, breath, life, living creature; in biblical anthropology, humanity was created a living soul (nephesh chayah), a psychophysical unity.
Derivation: From נָפַשׁ (H5314) to be refreshed.
burning anger, fierce wrath
Fierce, blazing heat of wrath; frequently paired with aph (charon appo = fierce burning anger of the LORD).
Derivation: From חָרָה (H2734) to burn, be hot.
a sinful deed, a sin
Primary meaning: a sinful deed, a sin. Strong's: a sin (properly concrete). Lexical nuances: an act of disobedience to divine law (Lft., Notes , 273), a sinful deed , a sin : Mk 3:28 , 29 , Ro 3:25 , I Co 6:18 , II Pe 1:9 , WH, mg.; αἰώνιων ἁ. ( DCG , i, 788 a ), Mk 3:29 (for exx. from π. , v. MM, VGT , s.v.).†
Derivation: from G264 (ἁμαρτάνω);
to serve, revere, minister to (God)
To serve, worship, minister religiously to God; used of the universal worship rendered to the Son of Man ('all peoples, nations, and languages should serve Him', Daniel 7:14, 27).
Derivation: Aramaic corresponding to פָּלַח (H6398).
Biblical Metaphors, Nicene Attributes, and the Reformation Notae Ecclesiae
The Church is divinely instituted by Christ ( Matt 16:18 ) and revealed as the Spirit-baptized Body of Christ , Bride of Christ, and spiritual Temple ( 1 Cor 12 , Eph 2 , 1 Pet 2 ). The institutional marks (Notae Ecclesiae) and polity forms (episcopal, presbyterian, congregational) represent long-standing scholarly debate.
to leave, abandon, cast off
To leave behind, abandon; God temporarily abandoning His dwelling place at Shiloh or his inheritance due to persistent idolatry.
Derivation: Primitive root.
The Wisdom of Solomon • Chapter 4 (20 verses)
Better than this is childishness with virtue; For in the memory of virtue is immortality: Because it is recognized both before God and before men. When it is present, men imitate it; And they long after it when it is departed: And throughout all time it marcheth crowned in tr...
1 Kings Chapter 4, Verse 21
Scripture passage in 1 Kings 4:21