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blood, lifeblood, shed blood. Blood, lifeblood; vehicle of creaturely life ('life of the flesh is in the blood', Leviticus 17:11) given upon altar to make atonement.

to atone, expiate, cover, propitiate. To atone, make propitiation, purge, ransom; central action in Leviticus whereby blood expiates guilt, cleanses defilement, and turns away wrath.

atonement, expiation (Yom Kippur). Atonement, expiation; occurs in plural of intensity Yom Kippurim (Day of Atonement, Leviticus 23:27), annual cleansing of sanctuary and nation.

guilt offering, trespass offering, guilt. Guilt offering, reparation offering; required when sacred things were violated, mandating full restitution plus one-fifth; applied to Servant (Isaiah 53:10).

sin offering, purification offering, sin. Sin offering, purification offering, sin itself; sacrificial animal whose blood purified sanctuary and altar from defilement.

mercy seat, propitiatory cover. Propitiatory cover, mercy seat; solid gold slab atop Ark where atoning blood was sprinkled on Yom Kippur, achieving propitiation.

to forgive, pardon (solely divine). To forgive, pardon; reserved in Hebrew Bible exclusively for divine forgiveness, never human pardoning; God blotting out guilt upon atonement.

an appeasing, a means of appeasing, propitiation. Primary meaning: an appeasing, a means of appeasing, propitiation, forgiveness. Strong's: atonement, i.e. (concretely) an expiator. Lexical nuances: an appeasing (Plut.).

Azazel, scapegoat, removal. Azazel, scapegoat; live goat on Yom Kippur upon whose head sins were confessed, sent into wilderness typifying total removal of guilt.

release effected by payment of ransom, redemption, deliverance. Primary meaning: release effected by payment of ransom, redemption, deliverance. Strong's: (the act) ransom in full, i.e. (figuratively) riddance, or (specially) Christian salvation. Lexical nuances: release effected by payment of ransom , redemption , deliverance ; metaph., He 11:35 ; of deliverance thr. Christ from evil and the consequences of sin: Lk 21:28 , Ro 3:24 (Vau., in l.) 8:23, I Co 1:30 , Eph 1:7 , 14 4:30 , Col 1:14 , He 9:15 . (On the extent to wh. the word retains the sense of ransom , v. ICC , Ro. , 3:24 , Westc., He. , 297 ff.; v. also ICC , Eph. , 11; DCG , ii, 605; Cremer...

a ransom. Primary meaning: a ransom. Strong's: a redemption-price. Lexical nuances: a ransom : I Ti 2:6 (v. CGT , in l.; and cf. λύτρον ).†

he-goat, hairy goat, sin offering goat. He-goat, buck; standard animal for communal sin offerings, ruler's sin offering, and the two goats on Day of Atonement.

burnt offering, ascending sacrifice. Burnt offering; sacrifice wholly consumed by fire on altar, its sweet aroma ascending completely to God, symbolizing total surrender.

iniquity, perversity, guilt and punishment. Crookedness, perversity, iniquity, guilt, and the punishment incurred by twisted rebellion; theological triad with chatta'at and pesha (Exodus 34:7).

sin, fault, guilt, penalty. Sin, moral delinquency, liability to punishment before the divine tribunal; frequently bears capital sentence ('sin unto death').

sacrifice, slaughtered meal, oblation. Sacrifice, slaughtered animal offering followed by communal sacred meal; common term for bloody sacrifice alongside burnt offerings.

young bull, steer, premier sacrificial victim. Young bull; premier sacrificial victim prescribed for high priest's sin offering, whole congregation sin offering, and Day of Atonement.

propitiatory. Primary meaning: propitiatory. Strong's: an expiatory (place or thing), i.e. (concretely) an atoning victim, or (specially) the lid of the Ark (in the Temple). Lexical nuances: propitiatory ( μνῆμα , FlJ, Ant. , xvi, 7, 1; θάνατος , II Mac, l.c.): of Christ, Ro 3:25 ; as subst., το ἱ. (sc. ἐπίθεμα , Ex 25:16 , 17 , where the word first occurs in LXX and where ἱ. ἐ. = כַּפֹּרֶת (q.v. in BDB, s.v.), elsewhere rendered simply τὸ ἱ ; cf. Deiss., 124 ff.; Westc., He. , in l.), He 9:5 .†

to lift up, carry, bear iniquity, forgive. To lift, carry, bear; in soteriological context, to bear away iniquity as substitutionary bearer, hence to forgive ('bearing iniquity and transgression', Exodus 34:7; Isaiah 53:4, 12).

a ransom. Primary meaning: a ransom. Strong's: something to loosen with, i.e. a redemption price (figuratively, atonement). Lexical nuances: a ransom (as for a life, Ex 21:30 ; for slaves, Le 19:20 ; for captives, Is 45:13 ): ἀντὶ πολλῶν , Mt 20:28 , Mk 10:45 (v. Swete, in l., and for discussion of λ. and its cognates, Westc., He. , 295 f.; Deiss., LAE , 331 f.; cf. also ἀντί-λύτρον ).†

ransom, redemption price, bribe. Ransom price, redemption fee paid to deliver a forfeited life from death; basis of redemption where innocent substitute pays price.

altar, place of sacrifice. Altar, designated sacred structure of earth, stone, or bronze upon which sacrifices and incense were presented to effect expiation and worship.

discipline, correction, instruction. Moral discipline, corrective chastening; parental and divine education forming character through loving rebuke.

to sprinkle, spatter. To sprinkle purifying blood, water, or oil upon altar, mercy seat, or worshiper; applied prophetically to Messiah ('sprinkle many nations', Isaiah 52:15).

soul, life, living being, person. Throat, neck, appetite, breath, life, living creature; in biblical anthropology, humanity was created a living soul (nephesh chayah), a psychophysical unity.

transgression, rebellion, revolt. Rebellion, breach of relationship, defiant revolt against sovereign authority; willful breach of covenant stipulations (Isaiah 53:5).

tree, wood, timber, gallows. Tree, wood; features in primeval garden (Tree of Life, Tree of Knowledge), altar/ark, and tree bearing covenant curse (Deuteronomy 21:23).

servant, slave, worshiper. Servant, bondservant; honorary title of covenant leaders (Moses, David) and supremely the prophetic 'Servant of the LORD' (Isaiah 53).

to be just, righteous, justify, vindicate. To be in the right, be declared innocent, vindicate, justify; forensic acquittal in judicial settings.

blood.. Primary meaning: blood.. Strong's: blood, literally (of men or animals), figuratively (the juice of grapes) or specially (the atoning blood of Christ); by implication, bloodshed, also kindred. Lexical nuances: blood. In the ordinary sense: Mk 5:25 , Lk 8:43 , 44 22:44 , Jo 19:34 , Ac 15:20 , 29 21:25 , Re 8:7 , 8 11:6 16:3 , 4 , 6 19:13 . In special senses: of generation, origin, kinship (cl.): Jo 1:13 (v. MM, VGT , s.v.); as in OT (AR on Eph , 6:12 ), in the phrase σάρξ καὶ αἷ. ( αἷ. κ. σ. ), to indicate human nature as opp. to God and created spirits: Mt 16:17 , I Co 15:50 , Ga 1:16 , Eph 6:12 , He...

exchange, reconciliation. Primary meaning: exchange, reconciliation. Strong's: exchange (figuratively, adjustment), i.e. restoration to (the divine) favor. Lexical nuances: exchange .

to heal, cure, make whole. To heal physically and spiritually, repair brokenness; divine title Yahweh-Rapha ('I am the LORD who heals you', Exodus 15:26; Isaiah 53:5).

a little lamb, a lamb. Primary meaning: a little lamb, a lamb. Strong's: a lambkin. Lexical nuances: a little lamb , a lamb : Jo 21:15 , Re 27 .†

death. Primary meaning: death. Strong's: (properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively). Lexical nuances: death ; of the death of the body, whether natural or violent: Jo 11:13 , Phl 2:27 , He 7:23 , al; opp. to ζωή , Ro 8:38 , Phl 1:20 ; of the death of Christ, Ro 5:10 , Phl 3:10 , He 2:9 ; ῥυέσθαι (σώζειν) ἐκ θ. , II Co 1:10 , He 5:7 ; περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου , Mt 26:38 , Mk 14:34 ; μέχρι (ἄχρι) θ. , Phl 2:8 , Re 2:10 ; πληγὴ θανάτου , a deadly wound, Re 13:3 ; ἰδεῖν θάνατον , Lk 2:26 , He 11:5 ; γ...

a lamb. Primary meaning: a lamb. Strong's: a lamb. Lexical nuances: a lamb : fig., of Christ ( DCG , ii, 620 b ), Jo 1:29 , 36 , Ac 8:32 (LXX) , I Pe 1:19 (cf. ἀρνίον ; Cremer, 102, 635).†