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Assyria

Assyria (Biblical Place • Nineveh • 36.359°N, 43.153°E): region. Referenced in Gen 2:14 , Gen 10:11 , Gen 25:18 , 2 Kgs 15:19 , 2 Kgs 15:20 . Within the broader Biblical Knowledge Graph, this connects directly to Babylonian Captivity & Post-Exilic Return—In 586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and deported Judah , including King Jehoiachin and High Priest Jehozadak ( 1 Chronicles 6:15 ), before the Persian decree of Cyrus enabled Zerubbabel , Joshua , Ezra , and Nehemiah to rebuild the Temple and walls of Jerusalem .

Connected Genealogical Figures & Lineage

Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ) (Generation 29 • Child of Rehabiah ): Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ) is a biblical figure in Generation 29, child of Rehabiah , parent of Joram . ( 1 Chronicles 26:24-25 ) (mentioned in 2 Kings 19 , 2 Kings 20 , 1 Chronicles 25 ) Ahaz (Generation 45 • Messianic Line • Child of Jotham ): Ahaz is a biblical figure in Generation 45 of the Messianic Line , child of Jotham , parent of Hezekiah . ( 1 Chronicles 3:13 , Matthew 1:9 ) (mentioned in 2 Kings 15 , 2 Kings 16 , 2 Kings 17 ) Hezekiah (Generation 46 • Messianic Line • Child of Ahaz): Hezekiah is a biblical figure in Generation 46 of the Messianic Line, child of Ahaz, parent of Manasseh . ( 1 Chronicles 3:13 , Matthew 1:9 ) (mentioned in 2 Kings 16 , 2 Kings 18 , 2 Kings 19 )

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

Key geographical locations connected to this topic include Assyria (region. Referenced in Gen 2:14 , Gen 10:11 , Gen 25:18 , 2 Kgs 15:19 , 2 Kgs 15:20 .) Persia (Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Chr 36:20 , 2 Chr 36:22 , 2 Chr 36:23 , Ezra 1:1 , Ezra 1:2 , Ezra 1:8 (identified with Ecbatana ).) Ephraim (Ancient biblical location referenced in John 11:54 (identified with Ophrah 1 ).) Samaria (Ancient biblical location referenced in 1 Kgs 13:32 , 1 Kgs 16:24 , 1 Kgs 16:28 , 1 Kgs 16:29 , 1 Kgs 16:32 , 1 Kgs 18:2 .) 3D Sanctuary Reconstructions: Persian Lamassu (Gate of All Nations) — Colossal carved limestone winged human-headed bull (Lamassu) guarding the Gate of All Nations built by King Xerxes I (biblical Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther and Ezra 4:6 ) at Persepolis, exemplifying the imperial Achaemenid court architecture of Esther , Ezra , and Nehemiah . Royal Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal — Masterpiece of Neo-Assyrian sculpted gypsum wall relief from the North Palace of King Ashurbanipal (biblical Asenappar, Ezra 4:10 ) at Nineveh , vividly illustrating the royal lion imagery invoked by the prophet Nahum against Nineveh ('Where is the dwelling of the lions?', Nahum 2:11–13 ).

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Primary KJV scripture witnesses include 2 Chronicles 32:10 : "Thus saith Sennacherib king of Assyria , Whereon do ye trust, that ye abide in the siege in Jerusalem ?"; Isaiah 19:23 : "In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria , and the Assyrian shall come into Egypt , and the Egyptian into Assyria, and the Egyptians shall serve with the Assyrian..."; 2 Kings 17:4 : "And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: ther...". Related canonical books and chapters: 2 Chronicles 32 ( 2 Chronicles • Chapter 32 (33 verses)), Ezra 6 ( Ezra • Chapter 6 (22 verses)), Isaiah 20 ( Isaiah • Chapter 20 (6 verses)).

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary

Topics, People & Places (36)

Assyria
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Nineveh • 36.359°N, 43.153°E

region. Referenced in Gen 2:14 , Gen 10:11 , Gen 25:18 , 2 Kgs 15:19 , 2 Kgs 15:20 .

🎬
Book of Nahum
VIDEO 99%
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Nahum declaring divine judgment and the downfall of the brutal Assyrian empire and Nineveh , celebrating God's triumph over oppressive world empires.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
2 Chronicles 32
99% Chapter
2 Chronicles • Chapter 32 (33 verses)

After these things, and the establishment thereof, Sennacherib king of Assyria came, and entered into Judah , and encamped against the fenced cities, and thought to win them for himself. And when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib was come, and that he was purposed to fight against Jer... Mentions: Judah , Hezekiah , David , Jacob/Israel , Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ), Assyria , Jerusalem , Millo , Lachish , Gihon 2 .

Ezra 6
99% Chapter
Ezra • Chapter 6 (22 verses)

Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made in the house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon . And there was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of the Medes, a roll, and therein was a record thus written: In the first year of... Mentions: Zechariah , Iddo , Jacob/Israel , Moses , Babylon , Jerusalem , Persia , Assyria .

Interactive 3D Royal Portal Guardian • Esther 1 & Ezra 4:6

Colossal carved limestone winged human-headed bull (Lamassu) guarding the Gate of All Nations built by King Xerxes I (biblical Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther and Ezra 4:6 ) at Persepolis, exemplifying the imperial Achaemenid court architecture of Esther , Ezra , and Nehemiah .

Lachish Reliefs — Assyrian Assault on Judahite Fortress
IMAGE • archaeology

Stone wall relief from Sennacherib's Southwest Palace at Nineveh depicting the siege, battering rams, and deportation of Lachish (701 BCE).

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Map of the Fall of Samaria & Assyrian Exile (722 BCE)
IMAGE • maps

The deportation of the ten northern tribes of Israel to Halah , Habor , and the cities of the Medes.

Historical Biblical Cartographers • Geographicus / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Kurkh Monoliths — Shalmaneser III Inscription Mentions Ahab
IMAGE • archaeology

Assyrian stele documenting the Battle of Qarqar (853 BCE), listing 'Ahab the Israelite' contributing 2,000 chariots and 10,000 troops.

Neo-Assyrian Scribes of Shalmaneser III • The British Museum, London CC-BY-SA 4.0
Babylonian Captivity & Post-Exilic Return
Connected via Persian Lamassu (Gate of All Nations) 90% Wiki Topic
Wiki Article • History & Monarchy

In 586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and deported Judah , including King Jehoiachin and High Priest Jehozadak ( 1 Chronicles 6:15 ), before the Persian decree of Cyrus enabled Zerubbabel , Joshua , Ezra , and Nehemiah to rebuild the Temple and walls of Jerusalem .

Nimrud Ivories — The 'Mona Lisa of Nimrud' & Assyrian Art
IMAGE • archaeology

Phoenician and Syrian ivory carvings captured as booty by the Assyrian empire, parallel to prophetic condemnations.

Phoenician and Syrian Ivory Craftsmen • The British Museum, London CC-BY-SA 4.0
Isaiah 20
89% Chapter
Isaiah • Chapter 20 (6 verses)

In the year that Tartan came unto Ashdod , (when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him,) and fought against Ashdod , and took it; At the same time spake the Lord by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, Go and loose the sackcloth from off thy loins, and put off thy shoe from thy foot. And ... Mentions: Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ), Ashdod, Assyria , Egypt , Ethiopia .

Persia
Connected via Ezra 6 88% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Ecbatana • 34.798°N, 48.515°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Chr 36:20 , 2 Chr 36:22 , 2 Chr 36:23 , Ezra 1:1 , Ezra 1:2 , Ezra 1:8 (identified with Ecbatana ).

2 Kings 17
88% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 17 (41 verses)

In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years. And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, but not as the kings of Israel that were before him. Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria ; and Ho... Mentions: Ahaz , Judah , Jacob/Israel, Baal , David , Samaria , Assyria , Egypt , Halah , Habor .

Map of Syrian & Assyrian Invasions of Israel
IMAGE • maps

Military campaigns of Ben-Hadad, Tiglath-Pileser III, and Shalmaneser V culminating in the siege of Samaria .

Historical Biblical Cartographers • Geographicus / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Isaiah 36
85% Chapter
Isaiah • Chapter 36 (22 verses)

Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah , that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the defenced cities of Judah , and took them. And the king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem unto king Hezekiah with a great army. And he stood by th... Mentions: Hezekiah, Judah , Jehoiakim (or Eliakim ), Hilkiah , Joah , Assyria, Lachish , Jerusalem , Egypt , Hamath .

2 Kings 19
84% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 19 (37 verses)

And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the Lord. And he sent Eliakim , which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to... Mentions: Hezekiah , Jehoiakim (or Eliakim), Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ), Judah , Haran , Assyria , Libnah 1 , Lachish , Ethiopia , Jerusalem .

Ephraim
Connected via Assyria 83% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Ophrah 1 • 31.954°N, 35.299°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in John 11:54 (identified with Ophrah 1 ).

Jeremiah 50
82% Chapter
Jeremiah • Chapter 50 (46 verses)

The word that the Lord spake against Babylon and against the land of the Chaldeans by Jeremiah the prophet. Declare ye among the nations, and publish, and set up a standard; publish, and conceal not: say, Babylon is taken, Bel is confounded, Merodach is broken in pieces; her idol... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Judah , Ephraim , Babylon, Zion , Chaldea , Assyria , Carmel .

Samaria
Connected via Assyria 82% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 32.280°N, 35.198°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in 1 Kgs 13:32 , 1 Kgs 16:24 , 1 Kgs 16:28 , 1 Kgs 16:29 , 1 Kgs 16:32 , 1 Kgs 18:2 .

Jeshaiah (Isaiah)
Connected via Assyria 82% Gen 29
Generation 29 • Child of Rehabiah

Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ) is a biblical figure in Generation 29, child of Rehabiah , parent of Joram . ( 1 Chronicles 26:24-25 )

Interactive 3D Assyrian Palace Relief • Nahum 2:11–13 & Ezra 4:10

Masterpiece of Neo-Assyrian sculpted gypsum wall relief from the North Palace of King Ashurbanipal (biblical Asenappar, Ezra 4:10 ) at Nineveh , vividly illustrating the royal lion imagery invoked by the prophet Nahum against Nineveh ('Where is the dwelling of the lions?', Nahum 2:11–13 ).

2 Kings 20
80% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 20 (21 verses)

In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz came to him, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord, Set thine house in order; for thou shalt die, and not live. Then he turned his face to the wall, and prayed unto the Lord, saying, I beseech the... Mentions: Hezekiah , Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ), David , Ahaz , Judah , Assyria , Babylon .

Babylonia
Connected via Ezra 6 80% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Babel • 32.537°N, 44.421°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Ezra 1:11 , Ezra 2:1 , Ezra 5:12 , Ezra 6:1 , Ezra 7:6 , Ezra 7:9 (identified with Babel ).

Beyond the River
Connected via Ezra 6 79% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Jerusalem • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

region. Referenced in Ezra 4:10 , Ezra 4:11 , Ezra 4:16 , Ezra 4:17 , Ezra 4:20 .

Interactive 3D Cuneiform Prism • 2 Kings 18–19 & Isaiah 36–37

Six-sided baked clay prism discovered at Nineveh inscribed with the annals of Assyrian King Sennacherib's 701 BC campaign against Judah , famously declaring that he shut up ' Hezekiah the Judahite within Jerusalem , his royal city, like a bird in a cage'—without claiming to capture the city ( 2 Kings 19:32–36 ).

2 Kings 16
78% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 16 (20 verses)

In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remaliah Ahaz the son of Jotham king of Judah began to reign. Twenty years old was Ahaz when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem , and did not that which was right in the sight of the Lord his God, like David his fa... Mentions: Ahaz, Jotham , Judah , David , Jacob/Israel , Jerusalem , Syria , Elath , Assyria , Damascus .

Ahaz
Connected via Assyria 78% Messianic Line
Generation 45 • Messianic Line • Child of Jotham

Ahaz is a biblical figure in Generation 45 of the Messianic Line , child of Jotham , parent of Hezekiah . ( 1 Chronicles 3:13 , Matthew 1:9 )

Hezekiah
Connected via Assyria 77% Messianic Line
Generation 46 • Messianic Line • Child of Ahaz

Hezekiah is a biblical figure in Generation 46 of the Messianic Line , child of Ahaz , parent of Manasseh . ( 1 Chronicles 3:13 , Matthew 1:9 )

Jerusalem
Connected via Assyria 77% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Josh 10:1 , Josh 10:3 , Josh 10:5 , Josh 10:23 , Josh 12:10 , Josh 15:8 .

Egypt
Connected via Assyria 77% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • On • 30.108°N, 31.338°E

region. Referenced in Gen 12:10 , Gen 12:11 , Gen 12:14 , Gen 13:1 , Gen 13:10 .

Isaiah 37
77% Chapter
Isaiah • Chapter 37 (38 verses)

And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the Lord. And he sent Eliakim , who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests covered with sackcloth, unto ... Mentions: Hezekiah , Jehoiakim (or Eliakim), Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ), Judah , Haran , Assyria , Libnah 1 , Lachish , Ethiopia , Jerusalem .

Interactive 3D Museum Relief • 2 Kings 18:13–17

Assyrian carved gypsum wall relief from King Sennacherib's South-West Palace at Nineveh depicting the 701 BC siege of the fortified Judean city of Lachish during the reign of King Hezekiah ( 2 Kings 18:14 ; Isaiah 36:1–2 ).

2 Kings 18
74% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 18 (37 verses)

Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel , that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began to reign. Twenty and five years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem . His mother's name also was Abi, the ... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Hezekiah , Ahaz , Judah , David , Jerusalem , Assyria , Gaza , Samaria , Halah .

Ezra
Connected via Persian Lamassu (Gate of All Nations) 74% Old Testament
Old Testament • 10 Chapters

Ezra (Old Testament, 10 chapters). Key figures: Judah , Jacob/Israel , Benjamin , Zerubbabel , Seraiah , Shephatiah . Key places: Persia , Jerusalem , Babylon , Jeshua , Elam , Netophah . Opens with: "Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia , that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up th..."

Nahum 3
74% Chapter
Nahum • Chapter 3 (19 verses)

Woe to the bloody city! it is all full of lies and robbery; the prey departeth not; The noise of a whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the pransing horses, and of the jumping chariots. The horseman lifteth up both the bright sword and the glittering spear: a... Mentions: Nineveh , Ethiopia , Egypt , Libya , Assyria .

1 Esdras 7
73% Chapter
1 Esdras • Chapter 7 (15 verses)

Then Sisinnes the governor of Coelesyria and Phoenicia , and Sathrabuzanes, with their companions, following the commandments of king Darius, did very carefully oversee the holy works, assisting the elders of the Jews and rulers of the temple. And so the holy works prospered, whi... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Moses , Phoenicia , Assyria .

Scripture Passages (24)

2 Chronicles 32:10 (KJV)
2 Chronicles 32 KJV

Thus saith Sennacherib king of Assyria , Whereon do ye trust, that ye abide in the siege in Jerusalem ?

In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria , and the Assyrian shall come into Egypt , and the Egyptian into Assyria , and the Egyptians shall serve with the Assyrians.

And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt , and brought no present to the king of Assyria , as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison.

And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel unto Assyria , and put them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan , and in the cities of the Medes:

And the king of Assyria hearkened unto him: for the king of Assyria went up against Damascus , and took it, and carried the people of it captive to Kir , and slew Rezin.

In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria , and carried Israel away into Assyria , and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan , and in the cities of the Medes.

And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver us from the Assyrian, when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth within our borders.

So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh .

In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglath–pileser king of Assyria , and took Ijon , and Abel –beth–maachah, and Janoah , and Kedesh , and Hazor , and Gilead , and Galilee , all the land of Naphtali , and carried them captive to Assyria .

So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh .

And Menahem exacted the money of Israel , even of all the mighty men of wealth, of each man fifty shekels of silver, to give to the king of Assyria . So the king of Assyria turned back, and stayed not there in the land.

At that time did king Ahaz send unto the kings of Assyria to help him.

Of a truth, Lord, the kings of Assyria have destroyed the nations and their lands,

O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation.

And Tilgath–pilneser king of Assyria came unto him, and distressed him, but strengthened him not.

Ephraim also is like a silly dove without heart: they call to Egypt , they go to Assyria .

For they are gone up to Assyria , a wild ass alone by himself: Ephraim hath hired lovers.

Of a truth, Lord, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the nations, and their countries,

We have given the hand to the Egyptians, and to the Assyrians, to be satisfied with bread.

Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria ; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents.

For through the voice of the Lord shall the Assyrian be beaten down, which smote with a rod.

And Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria to Lachish , saying, I have offended; return from me: that which thou puttest on me will I bear. And the king of Assyria appointed unto Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.

Beerah his son, whom Tilgath–pilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was prince of the Reubenites.

And Aholah played the harlot when she was mine; and she doted on her lovers, on the Assyrians her neighbours,

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