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Jerusalem

Jerusalem (Biblical Place • 31.777°N, 35.235°E): Ancient biblical location referenced in Josh 10:1 , Josh 10:3 , Josh 10:5 , Josh 10:23 , Josh 12:10 , Josh 15:8 . It is closely linked with Caiaphas Ossuary Relief and Rosettes (IMAGE • archaeology): Elaborately carved limestone bone box inscribed ' Joseph son of Caiaphas' discovered in south Jerusalem .

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

Key geographical locations connected to this topic include Jerusalem (Ancient biblical location referenced in Josh 10:1 , Josh 10:3 , Josh 10:5 , Josh 10:23 , Josh 12:10 , Josh 15:8 .) Zion (Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Sam 5:7 , 1 Kgs 8:1 , 2 Kgs 19:21 , 1 Chr 11:5 , 2 Chr 5:2 , Ps 2:6 (identified with Jerusalem ).) Jerusalem's (Ancient biblical location referenced in Isa 62:1 (identified with Jerusalem).) Siloam (Ancient biblical location referenced in Luke 13:4 , John 9:7 , John 9:11 (identified with Jerusalem).) 3D Sanctuary Reconstructions: Rock-Cut Burial Cave ( Kidron Valley , Jerusalem) — Photogrammetry scan of a rock-hewn Jerusalem burial cave in the Kidron Valley carved directly into the natural limestone bedrock with a low rectangular entrance and interior burial benches—illustrating the architecture of Judean rock-cut family tombs from Isaiah 22:16 to the Gospel accounts of the burial and resurrection of Jesus ( Matthew 27:60 ; John 19:41 ). Second Temple of Jerusalem ( Herod's Temple ) — Reconstruction of the expanded Second Temple Mount complex in Jerusalem during the life and ministry of Jesus and the early Church—featuring the towering white-stone and gold Sanctuary facade, the Court of the Women, Court of the Gentiles, Solomon's Portico , the Royal Stoa, and the Antonia Fortress.

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Primary KJV scripture witnesses include Acts 1:12 : "Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet , which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey."; Isaiah 52:9 : "Break forth into joy, sing together, ye waste places of Jerusalem: for the Lord hath comforted his people, he hath redeemed Jerusalem."; Ezra 10:7 : "And they made proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem unto all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves together unto Jerusalem;".

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary History Perspective

Topics, People & Places (36)

Jerusalem
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Josh 10:1 , Josh 10:3 , Josh 10:5 , Josh 10:23 , Josh 12:10 , Josh 15:8 .

Caiaphas Ossuary Relief and Rosettes
IMAGE • archaeology

Elaborately carved limestone bone box inscribed ' Joseph son of Caiaphas' discovered in south Jerusalem .

Curators & Archaeologists of Israel Museum • Israel Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Trumpeting Place Corner Stone
IMAGE • archaeology

Southwestern Temple Mount corner ashlar carved in Hebrew 'To the place of trumpeting to declare...'

Curators & Archaeologists of Israel Museum • Israel Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Caiaphas Ossuary — Burial Box of High Priest Joseph Caiaphas
IMAGE • archaeology

Intricately carved limestone ossuary excavated in the Peace Forest south of Jerusalem , inscribed ' Joseph , son of Caiaphas' (Yehosef bar Qayafa).

Second Temple Jewish Stone Carvers • Israel Museum, Jerusalem (IAA 1990-487) / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 3.0
Jerusalem — Historic City Walls & Holy Sites Aerial Survey 0:59
VIDEO • educational

Cinematic survey of the Old City of Jerusalem , showing the Temple Mount, Western Wall, Mount of Olives , and Kidron Valley .

Historical Cartography Society • Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
Garden of Gethsemane Ancient Olive Grove
IMAGE • geography

Centuries-old gnarled olive trees at the base of the Mount of Olives , site of the Agony in the Garden before Jesus 's arrest.

National Library of Wales • National Library of Wales Public Domain
Hezekiah's Tunnel Water Conduit Through Mount Zion Bedrock
IMAGE • geography

8th-century BCE subterranean aqueduct carved 533 meters through limestone bedrock to redirect Gihon Spring water to the Pool of Siloam .

Wikimedia Commons contributor • Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 3.0
Pool of Siloam Stepped Bath Excavations
IMAGE • geography

Monumental stone stepped pool at the southern extremity of the City of David where Jesus sent the man born blind to wash.

Israel PikiWiki project • Israel PikiWiki CC-BY 2.5
Book of 2 Samuel 9:05
VIDEO • overview

Overview of 2 Samuel highlighting David 's reign as king over Israel , God's eternal covenant promise of an enduring dynasty in chapter 7, followed by tragic domestic and national consequences of David 's sin.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Rock-Cut Burial Cave (Kidron Valley, Jerusalem) 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Rock-Hewn Tomb • Matthew 27:60 & John 19:41

Photogrammetry scan of a rock-hewn Jerusalem burial cave in the Kidron Valley carved directly into the natural limestone bedrock with a low rectangular entrance and interior burial benches—illustrating the architecture of Judean rock-cut family tombs from Isaiah 22:16 to the Gospel accounts of the burial and resurrection of Jesus ( Matthew 27:60 ; John 19:41 ).

Second Temple of Jerusalem (Herod's Temple) 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Architectural Model • Luke 2, John 2 & Acts 3

Reconstruction of the expanded Second Temple Mount complex in Jerusalem during the life and ministry of Jesus and the early Church—featuring the towering white-stone and gold Sanctuary facade, the Court of the Women, Court of the Gentiles, Solomon's Portico , the Royal Stoa, and the Antonia Fortress.

Zion
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Jerusalem • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Sam 5:7 , 1 Kgs 8:1 , 2 Kgs 19:21 , 1 Chr 11:5 , 2 Chr 5:2 , Ps 2:6 (identified with Jerusalem ).

First Jewish Revolt Year 2 Silver Shekel
IMAGE • archaeology

Silver shekel struck during the Jewish War against Rome inscribed 'Shekel of Israel ' with ritual chalice and ' Jerusalem the Holy'.

Curators & Archaeologists of Israel Museum • Israel Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Hezekiah's Broad Wall (Jewish Quarter)
IMAGE • archaeology

23-foot thick stone defensive fortification built by King Hezekiah to enclose Jerusalem's Western Hill against Sennacherib.

Curators & Archaeologists of Israel Antiquities Authority • Israel Antiquities Authority / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Temple Scroll (11Q19) Column XLIV
IMAGE • manuscripts

The longest and thinnest of all Dead Sea Scrolls presenting divine first-person instructions for rebuilding the Temple.

Curators & Archaeologists of Shrine of the Book, Jerusalem • Shrine of the Book, Jerusalem / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Southern Temple Mount Hulda Gates and Steps
IMAGE • archaeology

Monumental 200-foot wide staircase and Double & Triple Hulda Gates through which pilgrims entered the Second Temple .

Curators & Archaeologists of Jerusalem Archaeological Park • Jerusalem Archaeological Park / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
First Temple Period Jerusalem Scale Model 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Museum Scale Model • 2 Samuel 5 & 1 Kings 6–9

Topographical scale model of royal Jerusalem during the First Temple period (Iron Age II) from the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem , illustrating the City of David spur, the Ophel , the Kidron and Tyropoeon valleys, and Solomon's Temple complex crowning Mount Moriah .

Amarna Letter EA 286 (Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem)
IMAGE • manuscripts

Cuneiform clay tablet from Mayor Abdi-Heba of Urusalim ( Jerusalem ) pleading with Pharaoh Akhenaten for archers against the Habiru.

Curators & Archaeologists of British Museum • British Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Habakkuk Pesher (1QpHab) Cave 1 Scroll
IMAGE • manuscripts

Dead Sea Scroll continuous sectarian commentary interpreting the Book of Habakkuk in light of the Teacher of Righteousness.

Curators & Archaeologists of Shrine of the Book, Jerusalem • Shrine of the Book, Jerusalem / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Community Rule (Manual of Discipline 1QS)
IMAGE • manuscripts

Major foundation charter of the Qumran community establishing sectarian covenant renewal, purity laws, and council.

Curators & Archaeologists of Shrine of the Book, Jerusalem • Shrine of the Book, Jerusalem / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Bubastite Portal Relief of Shishak at Karnak
IMAGE • archaeology

Temple of Amun relief showing Pharaoh Sheshonq I (biblical Shishak) listing conquered cities of Judah and Israel .

Curators & Archaeologists of Karnak Temple Complex, Luxor • Karnak Temple Complex, Luxor / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Jerusalem's
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Jerusalem • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Isa 62:1 (identified with Jerusalem ).

Babylonian Chronicle BM 21946 Tablet
IMAGE • archaeology

Cuneiform clay tablet detailing King Nebuchadnezzar's capture of Jerusalem and appointment of Zedekiah .

Curators & Archaeologists of British Museum • British Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Ketef Hinnom Silver Scroll (KH2) — Priestly Blessing (Numbers 6:24–26)
IMAGE • archaeology

Seventh-century BCE rolled silver amulet discovered in a burial cave overlooking the Valley of Hinnom , preserving the earliest known citation of biblical scripture.

Judahite Silversmith • Israel Museum, Jerusalem / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
Siloam
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Jerusalem • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Luke 13:4 , John 9:7 , John 9:11 (identified with Jerusalem ).

Taylor Prism (Sennacherib's Annals) — Siege of Jerusalem
IMAGE • archaeology

Hexagonal baked clay prism in the British Museum recording Sennacherib's campaign against Hezekiah : 'I shut him up like a caged bird'.

Neo-Assyrian Royal Scribes of Sennacherib • The British Museum, London CC-BY-SA 4.0
Judea
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Jerusalem • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

region. Referenced in Ezra 9:9 , Matt 2:1 , Matt 2:5 , Matt 2:22 , Matt 3:1 .

Pool of Siloam — Excavations of the Lower Byzantine & Herodian Pool
IMAGE • archaeology

Monumental stone steps and promenade where Jesus sent the man born blind to wash in John 9:7 .

Second Temple Jerusalem Engineers • Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Pool of Bethesda — Twin Pools and Healing Porticoes (John 5)
IMAGE • archaeology

Deep excavated trapezoidal reservoir near the Sheep Gate in Jerusalem with five porticoes where Jesus healed the paralytic.

Hasmonean and Roman Hydraulic Engineers • White Fathers / St. Anne, Jerusalem CC-BY-SA 4.0
Jebusite
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Jerusalem • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Josh 15:8 (identified with Jerusalem ).

Bulla of Baruch Son of Neriah — Clay Seal of Jeremiah's Scribe
IMAGE • archaeology

Ancient clay sealing reading 'Belonging to Berekhyahu, son of Neriyahu, the scribe' matching Jeremiah 36:4 .

Baruch ben Neriah (Biblical Scribe) • The Israel Museum, Jerusalem CC-BY-SA 4.0
Seal of Isaiah the Prophet — Clay Bulla with 'Yesha'yahu Nvy'
IMAGE • archaeology

Clay sealing unearthed just south of the Temple Mount bearing the inscription 'Yesha'yahu [N]vy' ( Isaiah the Prophet).

Judean Royal Court Seals • The Israel Museum, Jerusalem CC-BY-SA 4.0
Western Wall — Spring of Robinson's Arch (Jerusalem)
IMAGE • archaeology

Enormous carved spring stone projecting from the southwestern corner of the Temple Mount that supported a colossal staircase.

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Trumpeting Place Inscription — Temple Mount Ashlar
IMAGE • archaeology

Hebrew stone found at the foot of the Temple Mount inscribed 'To the place of trumpeting to declare the Sabbath'.

Herodian Stonemasons (1st Century CE) • The Israel Museum, Jerusalem CC-BY-SA 4.0
Temple Warning Inscription — Greek Soreg Warning to Gentiles
IMAGE • archaeology

Limestone slab warning non-Jews on pain of death not to enter past the balustrade (soreg) into the inner Temple courts ( Acts 21:28 ).

Herodian Temple Artisans (1st Century BCE–1st Century CE) • Istanbul Archaeology Museums / Israel Museum, Jerusalem CC-BY-SA 4.0

Scripture Passages (24)

Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet , which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey.

Break forth into joy, sing together, ye waste places of Jerusalem : for the Lord hath comforted his people, he hath redeemed Jerusalem .

And they made proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem unto all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves together unto Jerusalem ;

So Jeremiah abode in the court of the prison until the day that Jerusalem was taken: and he was there when Jerusalem was taken.

Then Pharaoh's army was come forth out of Egypt : and when the Chaldeans that besieged Jerusalem heard tidings of them, they departed from Jerusalem .

(After that Jeconiah the king, and the queen, and the eunuchs, the princes of Judah and Jerusalem , and the carpenters, and the smiths, were departed from Jerusalem ;)

Nevertheless for David 's sake did the Lord his God give him a lamp in Jerusalem , to set up his son after him, and to establish Jerusalem :

So there was great joy in Jerusalem : for since the time of Solomon the son of David king of Israel there was not the like in Jerusalem .

And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem ; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day.

Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem .

Sixteen years old was Uzziah when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty and two years in Jerusalem . His mother's name also was Jecoliah of Jerusalem .

Sixteen years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned two and fifty years in Jerusalem . And his mother's name was Jecoliah of Jerusalem .

He was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem . And his mother's name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem .

Amaziah was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem . And his mother's name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem .

Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. And his mother's name was Nehushta, the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem .

As for the Jebusites the inhabitants of Jerusalem , the children of Judah could not drive them out: but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Judah at Jerusalem unto this day.

I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem .

Son of man, cause Jerusalem to know her abominations,

Our feet shall stand within thy gates, O Jerusalem .

Which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took not, when he carried away captive Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah from Jerusalem to Babylon , and all the nobles of Judah and Jerusalem ;

And he caused all that were present in Jerusalem and Benjamin to stand to it. And the inhabitants of Jerusalem did according to the covenant of God, the God of their fathers.

Therefore thus saith the Lord; I am returned to Jerusalem with mercies: my house shall be built in it, saith the Lord of hosts, and a line shall be stretched forth upon Jerusalem .

And in these days came prophets from Jerusalem unto Antioch .

Now Bethany was nigh unto Jerusalem , about fifteen furlongs off:

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