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Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone)

Mesha Stele ( Moabite Stone ) (Interactive 3D Epigraphic Inscription • 2 Kings 3:4–27 ): Black basalt victory stele erected by King Mesha of Moab recording his revolt against the House of Omri of Israel and mentioning YHWH and the House of David . Within the broader Biblical Knowledge Graph, this connects directly to Divided Kingdom of Israel and Judah —After the death of Solomon , the monarchy split under Rehoboam and Jeroboam ( 1 Kings 12 ) into the northern Kingdom of Israel (centered at Samaria ) and the southern Kingdom of Judah (ruled by the Davidic line in Jerusalem ).

Church History Lineage & Historical Movements

Barton Warren Stone (Awakening & Restoration (1700–1900 AD)): Barton W. Stone was a Presbyterian minister on the Kentucky frontier who hosted the monumental Cane Ridge Revival of August 1801, subsequently withdrawing from the Presbyterian synod to dissolve his presbytery with the historic *Last Will and Testament of the Springfield Presbytery* (1804), calling on all denominational bodies to 'die, be dissolved, and sink into union with the Body of Christ at large.'

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

Key geographical locations connected to this topic include Mesha (~. Referenced in Gen 10:30 .) Serpent's Stone (Ancient biblical location referenced in 1 Kgs 1:9 (identified with En-rogel ).) The Stone Pavement (Ancient biblical location referenced in John 19:13 (identified with Jerusalem ).) Moab (Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 36:35 , Ex 15:15 , Num 21:11 , Num 21:13 , Num 21:15 , Num 21:20 (identified with Dibon 1 ).) 3D Sanctuary Reconstructions: Mesha Stele ( Moabite Stone ) — Black basalt victory stele erected by King Mesha of Moab recording his revolt against the House of Omri of Israel and mentioning YHWH and the House of David . Rosetta Stone — Granodiorite stele inscribed with three versions of a decree issued at Memphis in 196 BC on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes, key to deciphering ancient Egyptian.

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Primary KJV scripture witnesses include Daniel 3:30 : "Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, in the province of Babylon ."; 1 Chronicles 8:9 : "And he begat of Hodesh his wife, Jobab, and Zibia, and Mesha , and Malcham,"; Genesis 10:30 : "And their dwelling was from Mesha , as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east.". Related canonical books and chapters: 2 Kings 3 ( 2 Kings • Chapter 3 (27 verses)), 2 Kings (Old Testament • 25 Chapters).

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary History Perspective

Topics, People & Places (36)

Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Epigraphic Inscription • 2 Kings 3:4–27

Black basalt victory stele erected by King Mesha of Moab recording his revolt against the House of Omri of Israel and mentioning YHWH and the House of David .

Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone)
99% direct_archaeological
9th-century BC royal Moabite monument mentioning Omri King of Israel and the Tetragrammaton (YHWH)

A 1.24-meter black basalt stele inscribed in the Moabite dialect of Northwest Semitic by King Mesha of Moab , recounting his rebellion against Israelite domination and restoring territories captured during the reign of Omri.

Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) — King Mesha of Moab & YHWH
IMAGE • archaeology

Inscribed black basalt slab (c. 840 BCE) recording King Mesha 's rebellion against Israel , mentioning Omri, Chemosh, and the Sacred Name YHWH.

Moabite Royal Scribes • Louvre Museum, Paris (AO 5066) / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Mesha Stele Inscription Close-up
IMAGE • archaeology

Mesha Stele ( Moabite Stone ) basalt inscription mentioning King Mesha of Moab , Omri King of Israel , and YHWH.

Curators & Archaeologists of Louvre Museum • Louvre Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Mesha
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 28.857°N, 34.859°E

~. Referenced in Gen 10:30 .

Rosetta Stone 3D & AR
Rosetta Stone
99% 3D Model
Interactive 3D Trilingual Decree • Isaiah 45:1

Granodiorite stele inscribed with three versions of a decree issued at Memphis in 196 BC on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes, key to deciphering ancient Egyptian.

Tel Dan Stele — 'House of David' (Bytdwd) Inscription
IMAGE • archaeology

Ninth-century BCE basalt stele fragment discovered in northern Israel preserving the earliest extra-biblical reference to King David 's dynasty (' House of David ').

Aram-Damascus Stonecutters • Israel Museum, Jerusalem / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
Serpent's Stone
88% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • En-rogel • 31.768°N, 35.234°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in 1 Kgs 1:9 (identified with En-rogel ).

The Stone Pavement
87% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Jerusalem • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in John 19:13 (identified with Jerusalem ).

Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele)
85% direct_archaeological
Late 13th-century BC Egyptian victory monument containing the earliest extra-biblical mention of 'Israel'

A 3.18-meter black granite commemorative stela of Pharaoh Merneptah detailing military campaigns in Libya and Canaan , concluding with a poetic victory song that lists conquered peoples including Ashkelon , Gezer , Yanoam, and Israel .

Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele) 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Granite Stele • Judges 1:1

Monumental black granite commemorative stela of Pharaoh Merneptah recording military campaigns in Canaan and containing the earliest extra-biblical mention of Israel .

Divided Kingdom of Israel and Judah
Connected via Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) 80% Wiki Topic
Wiki Article • History & Monarchy

After the death of Solomon , the monarchy split under Rehoboam and Jeroboam ( 1 Kings 12 ) into the northern Kingdom of Israel (centered at Samaria ) and the southern Kingdom of Judah (ruled by the Davidic line in Jerusalem ).

אֱלֹהִים
elohim (ʾĕlōhîm) [el-o-HEEM]
H430 Hebrew noun masculine plural 2602x
God, gods, deity

Plural of majesty used predominantly with singular verbs to designate the one true God, Creator of the universe, possessing supreme transcendent power, sovereign authority, and plenitude of divine attributes.

Derivation: Plural of אֱלוֹהַּ (H433), probably from אֵל (H410).
Magdala Synagogue Stone 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Carved Stone • Matthew 4:23

Carved limestone block discovered at the center of the first-century Magdala synagogue depicting the Temple Menorah , oil jars, rosette, and the chariot of God.

Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele) — Earliest Extra-Biblical Israel Mention
IMAGE • archaeology

Egyptian hieroglyphic victory poem from 1208 BCE preserving the earliest historical inscription naming ' Israel ' as a people in Canaan .

New Kingdom Egyptian Royal Scribes of Pharaoh Merneptah • Egyptian Museum, Cairo CC-BY-SA 4.0
Ancient Near Eastern Suzerainty Treaties & Deuteronomy Covenant Form
Connected via Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) 76% Wiki Topic
Hittite Vassal Treaties, Neo-Assyrian Parallels, and the Covenant Lawsuit (Rib)

Monumental archaeological and historical consensus (established by George Mendenhall, Kenneth Kitchen, Meredith Kline) that the literary structure of the Mosaic Covenant in Exodus and particularly Deuteronomy mirrors Late Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC) Hittite Vassal Treaties rather than 1st millennium Neo-Assyrian treaties.

Code of Hammurabi Stele 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Legal Monument • Exodus 21:1–25

Monumental black diorite stele containing 282 legal judgments of King Hammurabi of Babylon , displaying profound thematic and legal parallels with biblical Mosaic law.

Moab
Connected via Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) 75% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Dibon 1 • 31.497°N, 35.783°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 36:35 , Ex 15:15 , Num 21:11 , Num 21:13 , Num 21:15 , Num 21:20 (identified with Dibon 1 ).

2 Kings 3:4
Connected via Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) 74% Verse
2 Kings Chapter 3, Verse 4

Scripture passage in 2 Kings 3:4

2 Kings 3:5
Connected via Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) 74% Verse
2 Kings Chapter 3, Verse 5

Scripture passage in 2 Kings 3:5

Pilate Stone — Pontius Pilatus Inscription from Caesarea
IMAGE • archaeology

Limestone block discovered in Caesarea Maritima bearing a Latin dedicatory inscription naming 'Pontius Pilatus, Prefect of Judea ', confirming his historical governorship.

Roman Imperial Masons • Israel Museum / Civico Museo Archeologico di Milano / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
Code of Hammurabi Stele
74% scholarly_consensus
18th-century BC Old Babylonian legal code monument paralleling biblical civil case law structures

A 2.25-meter black diorite stele engraved with 282 legal statutes in Akkadian cuneiform beneath a relief depicting Hammurabi receiving the royal insignia of justice from the sun god Shamash.

Code of Hammurabi Stele — Babylonian Law & Mosaic Parallels
IMAGE • archaeology

Diorite stele in the Louvre Museum with 282 legal statutes illustrating Ancient Near Eastern covenantal jurisprudence.

Old Babylonian Royal Sculptors of King Hammurabi (c. 1750 BCE) • Musée du Louvre, Paris (Sb 8) CC-BY-SA 4.0
Stepped Stone Structure — Citadel of David / Millo
IMAGE • archaeology

Colossal 12-story high terraced retaining wall supporting the royal palace acropolis of the City of David .

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Kurkh Monolith of Shalmaneser III
71% direct_archaeological
Neo-Assyrian cuneiform stele documenting the 853 BC Battle of Qarqar and Ahab the Israelite

A 2.2-meter rounded limestone stele containing an annalistic account of the western campaigns of Shalmaneser III, culminating in the titanic Battle of Qarqar against a twelve-king anti-Assyrian coalition.

Pilate Stone (Caesarea Inscription) 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Epigraphic Slab • Matthew 27:2

Carved limestone block from Caesarea Maritima bearing a Latin dedicatory inscription naming Pontius Pilatus, Prefect of Judaea.

Merneptah Victory Stele (Israel Stele)
IMAGE • archaeology

Egyptian New Kingdom victory monument of Pharaoh Merneptah recording campaigns in Canaan and early Israel .

Curators & Archaeologists of Egyptian Museum, Cairo • Egyptian Museum, Cairo / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
2 Kings 3
69% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 3 (27 verses)

Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah , and reigned twelve years. And he wrought evil in the sight of the Lord; but not like his father, and like his mother: for he put away the image of Baal that his fat... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Jehoshaphat , Judah , Baal , Moab , Samaria , Mesha , Edom .

Tel Dan Stele (House of David Inscription) 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Epigraphic Scan • 2 Kings 8–9

Broken 9th-century BC basalt stele discovered at Tel Dan in 1993–1994 containing an Old Aramaic victory inscription of King Hazael of Aram - Damascus that explicitly references the ' House of David ' (bytdwd) alongside Kings Jehoram of Israel and Ahaziah of Judah .

2 Kings
69% Old Testament
Old Testament • 25 Chapters

2 Kings (Old Testament, 25 chapters). Key figures: Moab , Jacob/Israel , Ahaziah , Baal , Jehoshaphat , Judah . Key places: Moab , Samaria , Baal , Ekron , Gilgal 1 , Jericho . Opens with: "Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab...."

Rosetta Stone (Decree of Memphis)
68% direct_archaeological
196 BC Ptolemaic granodiorite trilingual decree that unlocked ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic script for modern historiography

A 1.12-meter granodiorite slab bearing a priestly decree in three scripts (Hieroglyphic, Demotic, and Ancient Greek), deciphered by Jean-François Champollion in 1822 to open the entire corpus of Egyptian biblical archaeology.

Barton Warren Stone
67% THEOLOGIAN
Pioneer evangelist of Cane Ridge and author of the Last Will and Testament of the Springfield Presbytery

Barton W. Stone was a Presbyterian minister on the Kentucky frontier who hosted the monumental Cane Ridge Revival of August 1801, subsequently withdrawing from the Presbyterian synod to dissolve his presbytery with the historic *Last Will and Testament of the Springfield Presbytery* (1804), calling on all denominational bodies to 'die, be dissolved, and sink into union with the Body of Christ at large.'

Pool of Siloam Stepped Stone Approach
IMAGE • archaeology

Monumental stone steps of the 225-foot Herodian mikveh/reservoir fed by the Gihon Spring where Jesus sent the blind man.

Curators & Archaeologists of City of David Archaeological Excavations • City of David Archaeological Excavations / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
9th-century BC Aramaic victory monument explicitly attesting the Davidic Dynasty ('bytdwd')

Three basalt fragments of an Aramean triumphal inscription erected by King Hazael of Aram - Damascus , boasting of slaying Joram of Israel and Ahaziah of the ' House of David ' (bytdwd).

Silwan Tomb Inscription — 'Over the Royal Household'
IMAGE • archaeology

Rock-cut tomb inscription in the Kidron Valley attributed to Shebna, the royal steward rebuked by Isaiah ( Isaiah 22:15 ).

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Caiaphas Ossuary — Burial Box of High Priest Joseph Caiaphas
IMAGE • archaeology

Intricately carved limestone ossuary excavated in the Peace Forest south of Jerusalem , inscribed ' Joseph , son of Caiaphas' (Yehosef bar Qayafa).

Second Temple Jewish Stone Carvers • Israel Museum, Jerusalem (IAA 1990-487) / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 3.0

Scripture Passages (24)

Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, in the province of Babylon .

And he begat of Hodesh his wife, Jobab, and Zibia, and Mesha , and Malcham,

And their dwelling was from Mesha , as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east.

Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, ye servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither. Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, came forth of the midst of the fire.

And when they came to the camp of Israel , the Israelites rose up and smote the Moabites , so that they fled before them: but they went forward smiting the Moabites , even in their country.

And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, fell down bound into the midst of the burning fiery furnace.

Which also were accounted giants, as the Anakims; but the Moabites call them Emims.

Then Nebuchadnezzar in his rage and fury commanded to bring Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego. Then they brought these men before the king.

Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, answered and said to the king, O Nebuchadnezzar, we are not careful to answer thee in this matter.

And he smote Moab ; and the Moabites became David 's servants, and brought gifts.

Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite,

And Mesha king of Moab was a sheepmaster, and rendered unto the king of Israel an hundred thousand lambs, and an hundred thousand rams, with the wool.

And he commanded the most mighty men that were in his army to bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, and to cast them into the burning fiery furnace.

Now the sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel were, Mesha his firstborn, which was the father of Ziph ; and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron .

Therefore because the king's commandment was urgent, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego.

And the firstborn bare a son, and called his name Moab : the same is the father of the Moabites unto this day.

Then Daniel requested of the king, and he set Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, over the affairs of the province of Babylon : but Daniel sat in the gate of the king.

Nebuchadnezzar spake and said unto them, Is it true, O Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, do not ye serve my gods, nor worship the golden image which I have set up?

But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites , Ammonites , Edomites, Zidonians, and Hittites;

And this is but a light thing in the sight of the Lord: he will deliver the Moabites also into your hand.

And these are they that conspired against him; Zabad the son of Shimeath an Ammonitess, and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith a Moabitess.

And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the bands of the Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year.

And Ruth the Moabitess said, He said unto me also, Thou shalt keep fast by my young men, until they have ended all my harvest.

Unto whom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah , of Abed–nego.

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