Knowledge Graph Scripture & Encyclopedia

Search & Explore

Multimedia Filter:

Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele)

Merneptah Stele ( Israel Stele ) (Interactive 3D Granite Stele • Judges 1:1 ): Monumental black granite commemorative stela of Pharaoh Merneptah recording military campaigns in Canaan and containing the earliest extra-biblical mention of Israel . Within the broader Biblical Knowledge Graph, this connects directly to Twelve Tribes of Israel —Descended from the twelve sons of Jacob (Israel)— Reuben , Simeon , Levi , Judah , Dan , Naphtali , Gad , Asher , Issachar , Zebulun , Joseph ( Ephraim and Manasseh ), and Benjamin —the Twelve Tribes formed the covenant nation of Israel.

Connected Genealogical Figures & Lineage

Jacob/Israel (Generation 22 • Messianic Line • Child of Isaac ): ( Genesis 21:26 , 1 Chronicles 1:34 , Luke 3:34 , Genesis 49:33 ) G-d changed Jacob 's name to Israel ( Genesis 32:28 ). (mentioned in Genesis 21 , Genesis 32 , Genesis 49 ) Judah (Generation 23 • Messianic Line • Child of Jacob/Israel): Judah is a biblical figure in Generation 23 of the Messianic Line, child of Jacob/Israel, parent of Er, Onan , Shelah , Perez , Zerah . ( Genesis 29:35 , 1 Chronicles 2:1 ) (mentioned in Genesis 29 , 1 Samuel 11 , 1 Samuel 15 ) Issachar (Generation 23 • Child of Jacob/Israel): Issachar is a biblical figure in Generation 23, child of Jacob/Israel. ( Genesis 29:33 , 1 Chronicles 2:1 ) (mentioned in Genesis 29 , Genesis 30 , Genesis 35 )

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

3D Sanctuary Reconstructions: Merneptah Stele ( Israel Stele ) — Monumental black granite commemorative stela of Pharaoh Merneptah recording military campaigns in Canaan and containing the earliest extra-biblical mention of Israel . Mesha Stele ( Moabite Stone ) — Black basalt victory stele erected by King Mesha of Moab recording his revolt against the House of Omri of Israel and mentioning YHWH and the House of David .

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Primary KJV scripture witnesses include Leviticus 24:10 : "And the son of an Israelite woman, whose father was an Egyptian, went out among the children of Israel : and this son of the Israelite woman and a man of Israel strove together in t..."; Judges 21:3 : "And said, O Lord God of Israel, why is this come to pass in Israel, that there should be to day one tribe lacking in Israel?"; 1 Chronicles 21:1 : "And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel.". Related canonical books and chapters: 2 Chronicles 18 ( 2 Chronicles • Chapter 18 (34 verses)), Hosea 8 ( Hosea • Chapter 8 (14 verses)), 1 Kings 22 ( 1 Kings • Chapter 22 (53 verses)).

Topics, People & Places (36)

3D & AR

Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele)

99% 3D Model

Interactive 3D Granite Stele • Judges 1:1

Monumental black granite commemorative stela of Pharaoh Merneptah recording military campaigns in Canaan and containing the earliest extra-biblical mention of Israel .

Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele)

99% direct_archaeological

Late 13th-century BC Egyptian victory monument containing the earliest extra-biblical mention of 'Israel'

A 3.18-meter black granite commemorative stela of Pharaoh Merneptah detailing military campaigns in Libya and Canaan , concluding with a poetic victory song that lists conquered peoples including Ashkelon , Gezer , Yanoam, and Israel .

Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele) — Earliest Extra-Biblical Israel Mention

IMAGE 99%

IMAGE • archaeology

Egyptian hieroglyphic victory poem from 1208 BCE preserving the earliest historical inscription naming ' Israel ' as a people in Canaan .

New Kingdom Egyptian Royal Scribes of Pharaoh Merneptah • Egyptian Museum, Cairo CC-BY-SA 4.0

Merneptah Victory Stele (Israel Stele)

IMAGE 99%

IMAGE • archaeology

Egyptian New Kingdom victory monument of Pharaoh Merneptah recording campaigns in Canaan and early Israel .

Curators & Archaeologists of Egyptian Museum, Cairo • Egyptian Museum, Cairo / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0

Jacob/Israel

99% Messianic Line

Generation 22 • Messianic Line • Child of Isaac

( Genesis 21:26 , 1 Chronicles 1:34 , Luke 3:34 , Genesis 49:33 ) G-d changed Jacob's name to Israel ( Genesis 32:28 ).

Twelve Tribes of Israel

99% Wiki Topic

Wiki Article • Torah & Covenant

Descended from the twelve sons of Jacob ( Israel )— Reuben , Simeon , Levi , Judah , Dan , Naphtali , Gad , Asher , Issachar , Zebulun , Joseph ( Ephraim and Manasseh ), and Benjamin —the Twelve Tribes formed the covenant nation of Israel.

3D & AR

Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone)

99% 3D Model

Interactive 3D Epigraphic Inscription • 2 Kings 3:4–27

Black basalt victory stele erected by King Mesha of Moab recording his revolt against the House of Omri of Israel and mentioning YHWH and the House of David .

3D & AR

Tel Dan Stele (House of David Inscription)

99% 3D Model

Interactive 3D Epigraphic Scan • 2 Kings 8–9

Broken 9th-century BC basalt stele discovered at Tel Dan in 1993–1994 containing an Old Aramaic victory inscription of King Hazael of Aram - Damascus that explicitly references the ' House of David ' (bytdwd) alongside Kings Jehoram of Israel and Ahaziah of Judah .

Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) — King Mesha of Moab & YHWH

IMAGE 98%

IMAGE • archaeology

Inscribed black basalt slab (c. 840 BCE) recording King Mesha 's rebellion against Israel , mentioning Omri, Chemosh, and the Sacred Name YHWH.

Moabite Royal Scribes • Louvre Museum, Paris (AO 5066) / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0

Tel Dan Stele — 'House of David' (Bytdwd) Inscription

IMAGE 97%

IMAGE • archaeology

Ninth-century BCE basalt stele fragment discovered in northern Israel preserving the earliest extra-biblical reference to King David 's dynasty (' House of David ').

Aram-Damascus Stonecutters • Israel Museum, Jerusalem / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0

Mesha Stele Inscription Close-up

IMAGE 96%

IMAGE • archaeology

Mesha Stele ( Moabite Stone ) basalt inscription mentioning King Mesha of Moab , Omri King of Israel , and YHWH.

Curators & Archaeologists of Louvre Museum • Louvre Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0

Tel Dan Stele ('House of David' Inscription)

95% direct_archaeological

9th-century BC Aramaic victory monument explicitly attesting the Davidic Dynasty ('bytdwd')

Three basalt fragments of an Aramean triumphal inscription erected by King Hazael of Aram - Damascus , boasting of slaying Joram of Israel and Ahaziah of the ' House of David ' (bytdwd).

Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone)

94% direct_archaeological

9th-century BC royal Moabite monument mentioning Omri King of Israel and the Tetragrammaton (YHWH)

A 1.24-meter black basalt stele inscribed in the Moabite dialect of Northwest Semitic by King Mesha of Moab , recounting his rebellion against Israelite domination and restoring territories captured during the reign of Omri.

Divided Kingdom of Israel and Judah

86% Wiki Topic

Wiki Article • History & Monarchy

After the death of Solomon , the monarchy split under Rehoboam and Jeroboam ( 1 Kings 12 ) into the northern Kingdom of Israel (centered at Samaria ) and the southern Kingdom of Judah (ruled by the Davidic line in Jerusalem ).

אֱלֹהִים

elohim (ʾĕlōhîm) [el-o-HEEM]

H430 Hebrew noun masculine plural 2602x

God, gods, deity

Plural of majesty used predominantly with singular verbs to designate the one true God, Creator of the universe, possessing supreme transcendent power, sovereign authority, and plenitude of divine attributes.

Derivation: Plural of אֱלוֹהַּ (H433), probably from אֵל (H410).

Septuagint (LXX) Bridge:

LXX ⇄ G2316

Themes:

theology-proper creation sovereignty power judgment

Key Scripture Passages:

GEN.1.1 GEN.1.26 DEU.4.35 PSA.50.6 PSA.82.6 ISA.45.18

Code of Hammurabi Stele

83% scholarly_consensus

18th-century BC Old Babylonian legal code monument paralleling biblical civil case law structures

A 2.25-meter black diorite stele engraved with 282 legal statutes in Akkadian cuneiform beneath a relief depicting Hammurabi receiving the royal insignia of justice from the sun god Shamash.

3D & AR

Code of Hammurabi Stele

80% 3D Model

Interactive 3D Legal Monument • Exodus 21:1–25

Monumental black diorite stele containing 282 legal judgments of King Hammurabi of Babylon , displaying profound thematic and legal parallels with biblical Mosaic law.

Kurkh Monolith of Shalmaneser III

80% direct_archaeological

Neo-Assyrian cuneiform stele documenting the 853 BC Battle of Qarqar and Ahab the Israelite

A 2.2-meter rounded limestone stele containing an annalistic account of the western campaigns of Shalmaneser III, culminating in the titanic Battle of Qarqar against a twelve-king anti-Assyrian coalition.

Code of Hammurabi Stele — Babylonian Law & Mosaic Parallels

IMAGE 77%

IMAGE • archaeology

Diorite stele in the Louvre Museum with 282 legal statutes illustrating Ancient Near Eastern covenantal jurisprudence.

Old Babylonian Royal Sculptors of King Hammurabi (c. 1750 BCE) • Musée du Louvre, Paris (Sb 8) CC-BY-SA 4.0

Kurkh Monoliths — Shalmaneser III Inscription Mentions Ahab

IMAGE 76%

IMAGE • archaeology

Assyrian stele documenting the Battle of Qarqar (853 BCE), listing 'Ahab the Israelite' contributing 2,000 chariots and 10,000 troops.

Neo-Assyrian Scribes of Shalmaneser III • The British Museum, London CC-BY-SA 4.0

2 Chronicles 18

75% Chapter

2 Chronicles • Chapter 18 (34 verses)

Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honour in abundance, and joined affinity with Ahab. And after certain years he went down to Ahab to Samaria . And Ahab killed sheep and oxen for him in abundance, and for the people that he had with him, and persuaded him to go up with him to Ramoth –... Mentions: Jehoshaphat , Jacob/Israel , Judah , Zedekiah (or Matteniah ), Amon , Samaria , Ramoth 3 , Syria .

Hosea 8

75% Chapter

Hosea • Chapter 8 (14 verses)

Set the trumpet to thy mouth. He shall come as an eagle against the house of the Lord, because they have transgressed my covenant, and trespassed against my law. Israel shall cry unto me, My God, we know thee. Israel hath cast off the thing that is good: the enemy shall pursue hi... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Ephraim , Judah , Samaria , Assyria , Egypt .

1 Kings 22

75% Chapter

1 Kings • Chapter 22 (53 verses)

And they continued three years without war between Syria and Israel . And it came to pass in the third year, that Jehoshaphat the king of Judah came down to the king of Israel . And the king of Israel said unto his servants, Know ye that Ramoth in Gilead is ours, and we be still, a... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Jehoshaphat , Judah , Zedekiah (or Matteniah ), Amon , Syria , Ramoth 3 , Gilead , Samaria , Jerusalem .

Judges 3

73% Chapter

Judges • Chapter 3 (31 verses)

Now these are the nations which the Lord left, to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan ; Only that the generations of the children of Israel might know, to teach them war, at the least such as before knew nothing thereof; Namely, fiv... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Canaan , Baal , Moses , Othniel , Lebanon , Hamath , Mesopotamia .

Kurkh Monolith of Shalmaneser III

IMAGE 72%

IMAGE • archaeology

Assyrian royal limestone stele recording the Battle of Qarqar and King Ahab the Israelite fielding 2,000 chariots.

Curators & Archaeologists of British Museum • British Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0

2 Chronicles 6

72% Chapter

2 Chronicles • Chapter 6 (42 verses)

Then said Solomon , The Lord hath said that he would dwell in the thick darkness. But I have built an house of habitation for thee, and a place for thy dwelling for ever. And the king turned his face, and blessed the whole congregation of Israel : and all the congregation of Israel ... Mentions: Solomon , Jacob/Israel, David , Egypt , Jerusalem .

Judges 6

71% Chapter

Judges • Chapter 6 (40 verses)

And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord: and the Lord delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years. And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel : and because of the Midianites the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and ... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Midian, Amalekites , Joash , Manasseh , Gaza , Egypt , Ophrah 2 , Baal .

2 Chronicles 30

69% Chapter

2 Chronicles • Chapter 30 (27 verses)

And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah , and wrote letters also to Ephraim and Manasseh , that they should come to the house of the Lord at Jerusalem , to keep the passover unto the Lord God of Israel . For the king had taken counsel, and his princes, and all the congregation in J... Mentions: Hezekiah , Jacob/Israel, Judah , Ephraim , Manasseh , Jerusalem , Dan , Assyria , Kidron .

Numbers 25

69% Chapter

Numbers • Chapter 25 (18 verses)

And Israel abode in Shittim , and the people began to commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab . And they called the people unto the sacrifices of their gods: and the people did eat, and bowed down to their gods. And Israel joined himself unto Baal –peor: and the anger of the Lord... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Moab , Baal , Moses , Phinehas , Shittim , Zimri , Midian .

Judges 21

68% Chapter

Judges • Chapter 21 (25 verses)

Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah , saying, There shall not any of us give his daughter unto Benjamin to wife. And the people came to the house of God, and abode there till even before God, and lifted up their voices, and wept sore; And said, O Lord God of Israel , why is t... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Benjamin , Canaan , Mizpah 3 , Jabesh , Shiloh , Rimmon 2 .

2 Kings

68% Old Testament

Old Testament • 25 Chapters

2 Kings (Old Testament, 25 chapters). Key figures: Moab , Jacob/Israel , Ahaziah , Baal , Jehoshaphat , Judah . Key places: Moab , Samaria , Baal , Ekron , Gilgal 1 , Jericho . Opens with: "Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab...."

Jeremiah 31

67% Chapter

Jeremiah • Chapter 31 (40 verses)

At the same time, saith the Lord, will I be the God of all the families of Israel , and they shall be my people. Thus saith the Lord, The people which were left of the sword found grace in the wilderness; even Israel , when I went to cause him to rest. The Lord hath appeared of old... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Ephraim , Judah , Samaria , Zion , Ramah 1 , Egypt .

Judah

67% Messianic Line

Generation 23 • Messianic Line • Child of Jacob/Israel

Judah is a biblical figure in Generation 23 of the Messianic Line , child of Jacob/Israel , parent of Er, Onan , Shelah , Perez , Zerah . ( Genesis 29:35 , 1 Chronicles 2:1 )

Judges 20

67% Chapter

Judges • Chapter 20 (48 verses)

Then all the children of Israel went out, and the congregation was gathered together as one man, from Dan even to Beer–sheba, with the land of Gilead , unto the Lord in Mizpah . And the chief of all the people, even of all the tribes of Israel , presented themselves in the assembly ... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Dan , Benjamin , Judah , Phinehas , Gilead , Mizpah 3 , Gibeah 1 , Baal .

Issachar

66% Gen 23

Generation 23 • Child of Jacob/Israel

Issachar is a biblical figure in Generation 23, child of Jacob/Israel . ( Genesis 29:33 , 1 Chronicles 2:1 )

2 Kings 3

66% Chapter

2 Kings • Chapter 3 (27 verses)

Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah , and reigned twelve years. And he wrought evil in the sight of the Lord; but not like his father, and like his mother: for he put away the image of Baal that his fat... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Jehoshaphat , Judah , Baal , Moab , Samaria , Mesha , Edom .

Scripture Passages (24)

Leviticus 24:10 (KJV)

KJV

And the son of an Israelite woman, whose father was an Egyptian, went out among the children of Israel : and this son of the Israelite woman and a man of Israel strove together in the camp;

Judges 21:3 (KJV)

KJV

And said, O Lord God of Israel , why is this come to pass in Israel , that there should be to day one tribe lacking in Israel?

1 Chronicles 21:1 (KJV)

KJV

And Satan stood up against Israel , and provoked David to number Israel .

Judges 12:11 (KJV)

KJV

And after him Elon , a Zebulunite, judged Israel ; and he judged Israel ten years.

1 Samuel 7:14 (KJV)

KJV

And the cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel , from Ekron even unto Gath ; and the coasts thereof did Israel deliver out of the hands of the Philistines. And there was peace between Israel and the Amorites.

1 Chronicles 21:14 (KJV)

KJV

So the Lord sent pestilence upon Israel : and there fell of Israel seventy thousand men.

Numbers 20:21 (KJV)

KJV

Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border: wherefore Israel turned away from him.

1 Kings 6:13 (KJV)

KJV

And I will dwell among the children of Israel , and will not forsake my people Israel .

Numbers 25:3 (KJV)

KJV

And Israel joined himself unto Baal –peor: and the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel .

Deuteronomy 23:17 (KJV)

KJV

There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel , nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel .

Judges 6:6 (KJV)

KJV

And Israel was greatly impoverished because of the Midianites; and the children of Israel cried unto the Lord.

Numbers 8:19 (KJV)

KJV

And I have given the Levites as a gift to Aaron and to his sons from among the children of Israel , to do the service of the children of Israel in the tabernacle of the congregation, and to make an atonement for the children of Israel: that there be no plague among the children of Israel, when the children of Israel come nigh unto the sanctuary.

Judges 11:21 (KJV)

KJV

And the Lord God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel , and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country.

Numbers 21:23 (KJV)

KJV

And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness: and he came to Jahaz , and fought against Israel.

Hosea 6:10 (KJV)

KJV

I have seen an horrible thing in the house of Israel : there is the whoredom of Ephraim , Israel is defiled.

Numbers 25:8 (KJV)

KJV

And he went after the man of Israel into the tent, and thrust both of them through, the man of Israel , and the woman through her belly. So the plague was stayed from the children of Israel.

Romans 9:6 (KJV)

KJV

Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel , which are of Israel :

2 Chronicles 6:3 (KJV)

KJV

And the king turned his face, and blessed the whole congregation of Israel : and all the congregation of Israel stood.

2 Kings 10:32 (KJV)

KJV

In those days the Lord began to cut Israel short: and Hazael smote them in all the coasts of Israel ;

Hosea 5:3 (KJV)

KJV

I know Ephraim , and Israel is not hid from me: for now, O Ephraim , thou committest whoredom, and Israel is defiled.

Judges 11:23 (KJV)

KJV

So now the Lord God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel , and shouldest thou possess it?

1 Samuel 7:7 (KJV)

KJV

And when the Philistines heard that the children of Israel were gathered together to Mizpah , the lords of the Philistines went up against Israel . And when the children of Israel heard it, they were afraid of the Philistines.

1 Kings 8:14 (KJV)

KJV

And the king turned his face about, and blessed all the congregation of Israel : (and all the congregation of Israel stood;)

1 Kings 14:16 (KJV)

KJV

And he shall give Israel up because of the sins of Jeroboam, who did sin, and who made Israel to sin.

Connected Genealogical Figures & Lineage

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Topics, People & Places (36)

Scripture Passages (24)

Title