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The Threefold Office of Christ: Prophet, Priest, and King

The Threefold Office of Christ : Prophet, Priest, and King (The Munus Triplex in Old Testament Anointing Types and New Testament Consummation): Explicitly rooted in Old Testament anointing types and New Testament fulfillment (Munus Triplex): Prophet like Moses ( Deut 18:15 , Acts 3:22 ), Great High Priest after Melchizedek ( Ps 110:4 , Heb 7:1-28 ), and Davidic King ( 2 Sam 7:12-16 , Luke 1:32-33 , Rev 19:16 ). It is closely linked with מָשִׁיחַ (masiah) (Hebrew Lexicon • H4899 • anointed one, Messiah, Christ ): anointed one, Messiah, Christ. Anointed one; consecrated by pouring sacred oil (priest, king, prophet), and preeminently the Davidic royal Deliverer (Messiah) destined to establish God's universal reign of peace and justice.

Connected Genealogical Figures & Lineage

Yeshua the Messiah (Generation 75 • Messianic Line • Child of Mary ): Yeshua the Messiah is a biblical figure in Generation 75 of the Messianic Line , child of Mary . ( Matthew 1:16 ) (mentioned in Matthew 1 , 1 Corinthians 1 , 1 Corinthians 2 )

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Primary KJV scripture witnesses include 1 Kings 1:32 : "And king David said, Call me Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada. And they came before the king."; 1 Kings 1:34 : "And let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel : and blow ye with the trumpet, and say, God save king Solomon ."; 1 Kings 1:8 : "But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the prophet, and Shimei , and Rei, and the mighty men which belonged to David , were not with Adonijah.". Related canonical books and chapters: 1 Kings 1 ( 1 Kings • Chapter 1 (53 verses)), Hebrews 7 ( Hebrews • Chapter 7 (28 verses)), 1 Kings 4 ( 1 Kings • Chapter 4 (34 verses)).

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary

Topics, People & Places (36)

The Munus Triplex in Old Testament Anointing Types and New Testament Consummation

Explicitly rooted in Old Testament anointing types and New Testament fulfillment (Munus Triplex): Prophet like Moses ( Deut 18:15 , Acts 3:22 ), Great High Priest after Melchizedek ( Ps 110:4 , Heb 7:1-28 ), and Davidic King ( 2 Sam 7:12-16 , Luke 1:32-33 , Rev 19:16 ).

מָשִׁיחַ
masiah (māšîaḥ) [maw-SHEE-akh]
H4899 Hebrew adjective / noun masculine 39x
anointed one, Messiah, Christ

Anointed one; consecrated by pouring sacred oil (priest, king, prophet), and preeminently the Davidic royal Deliverer (Messiah) destined to establish God's universal reign of peace and justice.

Derivation: From מָשַׁח (H4886) to smear, anoint.
מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק
Malki-Sedeq (Malkî-Ṣedeq) [mal-kee-TSEH-dek]
H4442 Hebrew proper noun 2x
Melchizedek, King of Righteousness

King of Salem and priest of God Most High (Genesis 14:18); prototypical royal priest to whose eternal order the Davidic Messiah belongs (Psalm 110:4).

Derivation: From מֶלֶךְ (H4428) king and צֶדֶק (H6664) righteousness.
🎬
VIDEO • theme

Trace the thread of the Promised Messiah from the seed of the woman in Genesis 3 and the Davidic King to the surprise of the suffering Servant King dying to defeat death.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Χριστός
Christos (Christós) [khris-tos']
G5547 Greek proper noun masculine / title 529x
anointing, to be used as ointment, anointed, the Messiah, the Christ

Primary meaning: anointing, to be used as ointment, anointed, the Messiah, the Christ. Strong's: anointed, i.e. the Messiah, an epithet of Jesus. Lexical nuances: as adj. , of things, anointing, to be used as ointment (Æsch., Eur., al.; τ. ἔλαιον τὸ χ. , Le 21:10 ); of persons, anointed ( ὁ ἰερεὺς ὁ χ. , Le 4:5 ; οἱ χ. ἰευρεῖς , II Mac 1:10 ): ὁ χ. τοῦ κυρίου or Θεοῦ ( I Ki 2:10 , Ps 2:2 , al.), of the Messiah (Aram., מְשִׁיחָא ; cf. Dalman, Words , 289 ff.), Lk 2:11 , 26 Jo 1:41 , Ac 2:36 4:26 , al. As subst., ὁ Χριστός , the Messiah, the Christ : Mt 2:...

Derivation: from G5548 (χρίω);
1 Kings 1
99% Chapter
1 Kings • Chapter 1 (53 verses)

Now king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he gat no heat. Wherefore his servants said unto him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in thy b... Mentions: David , Jacob/Israel , Zeruiah , Zadok , Nathan , Gihon 2 .

Hebrews 7
99% Chapter
Hebrews • Chapter 7 (28 verses)

For this Melchisedec, king of Salem , priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him; To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem , whi... Mentions: Abram/Abraham, Levi , Aaron , Judah , Moses , Salem.

ἀρχιερεύς
archiereus (archiereús) [ar-khee-er-yuce']
G0749 Greek noun masculine 122x
high-priest, chief priests

Primary meaning: high-priest, chief priests. Strong's: the high-priest (literally, of the Jews, typically, Christ); by extension a chief priest. Lexical nuances: high-priest : Mk 2:26 14:47 , al.; of Christ: He 2:17 3:1 , al. In pl., chief priests , including ex-high-priests and members of high-priestly families: Mt 2:4 , Mk 8:31 , al. (Cremer, 294; DCG , i, 297 f.; MM, s.v.).

Derivation: from G746 (ἀρχή) and G2409 (ἱερεύς);
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VIDEO • overview

Overview of Hebrews demonstrating the absolute supremacy of Jesus as God's definitive Word, superior to angels, Moses , and the Levitical priesthood, offering once-for-all atonement.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
ἱερεύς
hiereus (hiereús) [hee-er-yooce']
G2409 Greek noun masculine 31x
a priest

Primary meaning: a priest. Strong's: a priest (literally or figuratively). Lexical nuances: a priest : ἱ. τ. Διός , Ac 14:13 ; of Jewish priests, Mt 8:4 12:4 , 5 , Mk 1:44 2:26 , Lk 1:5 5:14 , Jo 1:19 , He 8:4 , al.; of Christ, He 5:6 (LXX) He 10:21 ; of Christians, Re 1:6 5:10 20:6 (Cremer, 293; on the acc. pl., ἱερεῖς , v. Thack., Gr. , 147 f.; Bl., § 8, 2).

Derivation: from G2413 (ἱερός);
Ketef Hinnom Silver Scroll (KH2) — Priestly Blessing (Numbers 6:24–26)
IMAGE • archaeology

Seventh-century BCE rolled silver amulet discovered in a burial cave overlooking the Valley of Hinnom , preserving the earliest known citation of biblical scripture.

Judahite Silversmith • Israel Museum, Jerusalem / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
כֹּהֵן
kohen (kōhēn) [ko-HANE]
H3548 Hebrew noun masculine 750x
priest, cultic mediator

Priest; consecrated mediator between God and humanity belonging to Aaronic lineage, presenting sacrifices and declaring blessing.

Derivation: Active participle related to Syriac kahna (priest).
1 Kings 4
99% Chapter
1 Kings • Chapter 4 (34 verses)

So king Solomon was king over all Israel . And these were the princes which he had; Azariah the son of Zadok the priest, Elihoreph and Ahiah , the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder. Mentions: Solomon , Jacob/Israel , Azariah (or Uzziah), Zadok , Ahoah (or Ahiah), Ephraim , Makaz , Shaalbim , Elon , Soco .

Ephesians 3
99% Chapter
Ephesians • Chapter 3 (21 verses)

For this cause I Paul, the prisoner of Jesus Christ for you Gentiles, If ye have heard of the dispensation of the grace of God which is given me to you-ward: How that by revelation he made known unto me the mystery; (as I wrote afore in few words, Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah.

Romans 1
99% Chapter
Romans • Chapter 1 (32 verses)

Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ , called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God, (Which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,) Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh; Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah, David , Rome .

2 Kings 19
99% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 19 (37 verses)

And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the Lord. And he sent Eliakim , which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to... Mentions: Hezekiah , Jehoiakim (or Eliakim), Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ), Judah , Haran , Assyria , Libnah 1 , Lachish , Ethiopia , Jerusalem .

2 Kings 9
96% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 9 (37 verses)

And Elisha the prophet called one of the children of the prophets, and said unto him, Gird up thy loins, and take this box of oil in thine hand, and go to Ramoth –gilead: And when thou comest thither, look out there Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi, and go in, and mak... Mentions: Jehoshaphat , Jacob/Israel , Joram , Ahaziah , Judah , Ramoth 3 , Jezreel 2 , Syria , Gur , Ibleam .

1 Chronicles 24
93% Chapter
1 Chronicles • Chapter 24 (31 verses)

Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron . The sons of Aaron ; Nadab , and Abihu , Eleazar , and Ithamar . But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and had no children: therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest's office. And David distributed them, both Zadok of th... Mentions: Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar, Jeshua , Immer , Hebron , Shamir 2 , Eder 1 .

2 Kings 16
90% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 16 (20 verses)

In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remaliah Ahaz the son of Jotham king of Judah began to reign. Twenty years old was Ahaz when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem , and did not that which was right in the sight of the Lord his God, like David his fa... Mentions: Ahaz, Jotham , Judah , David , Jacob/Israel , Jerusalem , Syria , Elath , Assyria , Damascus .

1 Chronicles 23
90% Chapter
1 Chronicles • Chapter 23 (32 verses)

So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son king over Israel . And he gathered together all the princes of Israel , with the priests and the Levites . Now the Levites were numbered from the age of thirty years and upward: and their number by their polls, man by m... Mentions: David , Solomon , Jacob/Israel, Levi , Gershon ( Gershom ), Haran , Hebron , Eder 1 , Jerusalem .

2 Kings 23
88% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 23 (37 verses)

And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem . And the king went up into the house of the Lord, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and g... Mentions: Judah, Hilkiah , Baal , Joshua , Nathan , Jerusalem, Kidron , Geba 1 , Topheth .

1 Samuel 21
88% Chapter
1 Samuel • Chapter 21 (15 verses)

Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David , and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee? And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know a... Mentions: David, Saul , Nob , Gath .

2 Kings 12
87% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 12 (21 verses)

In the seventh year of Jehu Jehoash began to reign; and forty years reigned he in Jerusalem . And his mother's name was Zibiah of Beer–sheba. And Jehoash did that which was right in the sight of the Lord all his days wherein Jehoiada the priest instructed him. But the high places ... Mentions: Judah , Jehoshaphat , Ahaziah , Joash , David , Jerusalem , Syria , Gath , Millo , Silla .

Yeshua the Messiah
87% Messianic Line
Generation 75 • Messianic Line • Child of Mary

Yeshua the Messiah is a biblical figure in Generation 75 of the Messianic Line , child of Mary . ( Matthew 1:16 )

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AUDIO • scripture

Traditional liturgical cantillation of Genesis 14:18-24 recounting Melchizedek king of Salem blessing Abram with bread and wine.

AdoniTzedek / Wikimedia Commons • Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 3.0
2 Kings 22
82% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 22 (20 verses)

Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem . And his mother's name was Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah of Bozkath . And he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, and walked in all the way of David his father, and ... Mentions: Josiah , Adaiah , David , Hilkiah , Judah , Jerusalem , Bozkath .

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PDF • charts

Comprehensive comparative timeline synchronizing the divided monarchy rulers, regnal synchronisms, and active prophets.

The Biblical World Editorial Board (1909) • University of Chicago Press / Internet Archive Public Domain Mark 1.0
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VIDEO • overview

Overview of Zechariah featuring night visions of cosmic restoration, Joshua the high priest crowned as symbol of the Branch, and the humble King arriving on a donkey.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
2 Kings 5
78% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 5 (27 verses)

Now Naaman , captain of the host of the king of Syria , was a great man with his master, and honourable, because by him the Lord had given deliverance unto Syria : he was also a mighty man in valour, but he was a leper. And the Syrians had gone out by companies, and had brought away... Mentions: Naaman , Jacob/Israel , Ephraim , Syria, Samaria , Jordan , Abana , Pharpar .

2 Kings 11
77% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 11 (21 verses)

And when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal. But Jehosheba, the daughter of king Joram , sister of Ahaziah , took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king's sons which were slain; and they hid him,... Mentions: Ahaziah, Joram , Joash , David , Baal , Sur .

Revelation 1
77% Chapter
Revelation • Chapter 1 (20 verses)

The Revelation of Jesus Christ , which God gave unto him, to shew unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent and signified it by his angel unto his servant John : Who bare record of the word of God, and of the testimony of Jesus Christ, and of all things ... Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah, Asia , Patmos , Ephesus , Smyrna , Thyatira .

Ephesians 4
77% Chapter
Ephesians • Chapter 4 (32 verses)

I therefore, the prisoner of the Lord, beseech you that ye walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called, With all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love; Endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah .

נֵזֶר
nezer (nēzer) [NAY-zer]
H5145 Hebrew noun masculine 25x
crown, consecration, diadem

Diadem, royal crown, holy crown of high priest (Exodus 29:6), and hair of Nazirite set apart in consecrated devotion to God.

Derivation: From נָזַר (H5144) to separate, dedicate.
Jeremiah 28
76% Chapter
Jeremiah • Chapter 28 (17 verses)

And it came to pass the same year, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah , in the fourth year, and in the fifth month, that Hananiah the son of Azur the prophet, which was of Gibeon , spake unto me in the house of the Lord, in the presence of the priests and of al... Mentions: Zedekiah (or Matteniah), Judah , Jacob/Israel , Jehoiachin (or Jeconiah ), Jehoiakim (or Eliakim ), Gibeon , Babylon .

Rembrandt — The Return of the Prodigal Son (1669)
IMAGE • artwork

Profound late masterwork by Rembrandt depicting the compassionate father embracing the kneeling repentant younger son from Christ 's parable in Luke 15 .

Rembrandt van Rijn • Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0

Scripture Passages (24)

1 Kings 1:32 (KJV)
1 Kings 1 KJV

And king David said, Call me Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada. And they came before the king.

1 Kings 1:34 (KJV)
1 Kings 1 KJV

And let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel : and blow ye with the trumpet, and say, God save king Solomon .

1 Kings 1:8 (KJV)
1 Kings 1 KJV

But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the prophet, and Shimei , and Rei, and the mighty men which belonged to David , were not with Adonijah.

1 Kings 1:45 (KJV)
1 Kings 1 KJV

And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon : and they are come up from thence rejoicing, so that the city rang again. This is the noise that ye have heard.

1 Kings 1:44 (KJV)
1 Kings 1 KJV

And the king hath sent with him Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and they have caused him to ride upon the king's mule:

1 Kings 1:38 (KJV)
1 Kings 1 KJV

So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride upon king David 's mule, and brought him to Gihon .

The Lord hath made thee priest in the stead of Jehoiada the priest, that ye should be officers in the house of the Lord, for every man that is mad, and maketh himself a prophet, that thou shouldest put him in prison, and in the stocks.

And if one prevail against him, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken.

And all the people of the land went into the house of Baal , and brake it down; his altars and his images brake they in pieces thoroughly, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And the priest appointed officers over the house of the Lord.

But Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of the hundreds, the officers of the host, and said unto them, Have her forth without the ranges: and him that followeth her kill with the sword. For the priest had said, Let her not be slain in the house of the Lord.

And the priests waited on their offices: the Levites also with instruments of musick of the Lord, which David the king had made to praise the Lord, because his mercy endureth for ever, when David praised by their ministry; and the priests sounded trumpets before them, and all Israel stood.

Now it came to pass, that at what time the chest was brought unto the king's office by the hand of the Levites , and when they saw that there was much money, the king's scribe and the high priest 's officer came and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to his place again. Thus they did day by day, and gathered money in abundance.

These are the names of the sons of Aaron , the priests which were anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest's office.

And he sent Eliakim , which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz.

And the cloths of service, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest's office,

Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest's office for every thing of the altar, and within the veil; and ye shall serve: I have given your priest's office unto you as a service of gift: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.

As the thief is ashamed when he is found, so is the house of Israel ashamed; they, their kings, their princes, and their priests, and their prophets,

The cloths of service to do service in the holy place, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his sons' garments, to minister in the priest's office.

Then came the officers to the chief priests and Pharisees; and they said unto them, Why have ye not brought him?

And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest's office before God in the order of his course,

The cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest's office.

And Johanan begat Azariah , (he it is that executed the priest's office in the temple that Solomon built in Jerusalem :)

But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and had no children: therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest's office.

And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office.

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