Alexandrian Translation, Theological Vocabulary, Quoted in the New Testament, and Patristic Reception
Universal historical consensus that the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible produced in Alexandria (3rd-2nd c. BC) served as the primary scriptural text, theological vocabulary, and conceptual bridge for New Testament authors and early patristic Christianity.
the thought
Primary meaning: the thought. Strong's: (mental) inclination or purpose. Lexical nuances: that which is in the mind (the content of φρονεῖν , ICC, Ro. , 8 6 ), the thought : Ro 8:6 , 7 , 27 .†
Derivation: from G5426 (φρονέω);
Judaism, the observance of Jewish rites
Primary meaning: Judaism, the observance of Jewish rites. Strong's: "Judaism", i.e. the Jewish faith and usages. Lexical nuances: Judaism , the observance of Jewish rites : Ga 1:13 , 14 .†
Derivation: from G2450 (Ἰουδαΐζω);
a handing down, over, transfer
Primary meaning: a handing down, over, transfer, transmission. Strong's: transmission, i.e. (concretely) a precept; specially, the Jewish traditionary law. Lexical nuances: a handing down or over , transfer , transmission (Arist., Polyb., al., LXX).
Derivation: from G3860 (παραδίδωμι);
Jewish, a Jew, Judæa
Primary meaning: Jewish, a Jew, Judæa. Strong's: Judæan, i.e. belonging to Jehudah. Lexical nuances: Jewish : ἀνήρ , Ac 10:28 22:3 ; ἄνθρωπος , Ac 21:39 ; ψευδοπροφήτης , 13:6 ; ἀσχιερεύς , 19:14 ; γυνή , 16:1 24:24 ; γῆ , Jo 3:22 ; χώρα , Mk 1:5 . Substantively, Ἰουδαῖος, ὁ , a Jew : Jo 4:9 , Ac 18:24 , Ro 2:28 ; pl., Re 2:9 3:9 ; οἱ Ἰ. , Mt 2:2 , Mk 7:3 , Jo 2:6 , al.; Ἰ. τε καὶ Ἕλληνες , Ac 14:1 , al.; κ. προσήλυτοι , Ac 2:10 ; ἔθνη τε κ. Ἰ. , Ac 14:5 ; οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη Ἰ. , Ac 21:21 ; of Je...
Derivation: from G2448 (Ἰουδά) (in the sense of G2455 (Ἰούδας) as a country);
2 Chronicles • Chapter 32 (33 verses)
After these things, and the establishment thereof, Sennacherib king of Assyria came, and entered into Judah , and encamped against the fenced cities, and thought to win them for himself. And when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib was come, and that he was purposed to fight against Jer... Mentions: Judah , Hezekiah , David , Jacob/Israel , Jeshaiah ( Isaiah ), Assyria , Jerusalem , Millo , Lachish , Gihon 2 .
the understanding, mind
Primary meaning: the understanding, mind. Strong's: deep thought, properly, the faculty (mind or its disposition), by implication, its exercise. Lexical nuances: the understanding, mind : Lk 1:51 , Eph 4:18 , Col 1:21 , I Pe 1:13 , II Pe 3:1 , I Jo 5:20 ; pl., Eph 2:3 ; in quotations from LXX, Mt 22:37 , Mk 12:30 , Lk 10:27 , He 8:10 10:16 (Cremer, 79, 438).†
Derivation: from G1223 (διά) and G3563 (νοῦς);
a priest
Primary meaning: a priest. Strong's: a priest (literally or figuratively). Lexical nuances: a priest : ἱ. τ. Διός , Ac 14:13 ; of Jewish priests, Mt 8:4 12:4 , 5 , Mk 1:44 2:26 , Lk 1:5 5:14 , Jo 1:19 , He 8:4 , al.; of Christ, He 5:6 (LXX) He 10:21 ; of Christians, Re 1:6 5:10 20:6 (Cremer, 293; on the acc. pl., ἱερεῖς , v. Thack., Gr. , 147 f.; Bl., § 8, 2).
Derivation: from G2413 (ἱερός);
an assembly, the assembly, congregation, community, (the) church
Primary meaning: an assembly, the assembly, congregation, community, (the) church. Strong's: a calling out, i.e. (concretely) a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation (Jewish synagogue, or Christian community of members on earth or saints in heaven or both). Lexical nuances: prop., an assembly of citizens regularly convened (in Thuc., ii, 22, opp. to σύλλογος , a concourse ): Ac 19:32 , 39 , 41 . In LXX of the assembly, congregation, community of Israel (De 4:10 23:2, al.): Ac 7:38 , He 2:12 (LXX) . NT, esp. of an assembly or company of Christians, a (the) church ; of gatherings for worship: I Co 11:18 14:19 , 34 , 35 ; of local communities: Ac 8:3 , I Co 4:17 ; wi...
Derivation: from a compound of G1537 (ἐκ) and a derivative of G2564 (καλέω);
Psalms • Chapter 139 (24 verses)
O Lord, thou hast searched me, and known me. Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off. Thou compassest my path and my lying down, and art acquainted with all my ways.
after-thought, change of mind, repentance
Primary meaning: after-thought, change of mind, repentance. Strong's: (subjectively) compunction (for guilt, including reformation); by implication, reversal (of (another's) decision). Lexical nuances: after-thought , change of mind , repentance : He 12:17 ; of repentance from sin, Mt 3:8 , 11 , Lk 3:8 15:7 24:47 , Ac 26:20 , II Co 7:9 , 10 ; βάπτισμα (q.v.) μετανοίας , Mk 1:4 , Lk 3:3 , Ac 13:24 19:4 ; ἡ εἰς θεὸν μ. , Ac 20:21 ; μ. ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἔργων , He 6:1 ; εἰς μ. καλεῖν , Lk 5:32 ; id. ἄγειν , Ro 2:4 ; ἀνακαινίζειν , He 6:6 ; εἰς μ. χωρῆσαι , II Pe 3:9 ; μ. δοῦναι , Ac 5:31 11:18 , II Ti ...
Derivation: from G3340 (μετανοέω);
the head
Primary meaning: the head. Strong's: the head (as the part most readily taken hold of), literally or figuratively. Lexical nuances: the head : Mt 5:36 , Mk 6:24 , Re 1:14 9:7 , al. mult.; fig., ἄνθρακες ἐπὶ τὴν κ. , Ro 12:20 (LXX) ; αἷμα , Ac 18:6 ; metaph., of a husband, c. gen., I Co 11:3 , Eph 5:23 ; of Christ, I Co 11:3 , Eph 4:15 5:23 , Col 1:18 2:10 , 19 ; of things, κ. γωνίας , Mt 21:42 (LXX) .
Derivation: from the primary (in the sense of seizing);
a multitude, a company, a nation, people, the nations
Primary meaning: a multitude, a company, a nation, people, the nations, Gentiles. Strong's: a race (as of the same habit), i.e. a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-Jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan). Lexical nuances: a multitude, a company , whether of beasts or men (Hom.). a nation, people : Mt 21:43 24:7 , Mk 13:8 , Lk 22:25 , Ac 10:35 , al.; in sing., of the Jewish people, Lk 7:5 23:2 , Jo 11:48 , 50-53 18:35 , Ac 10:22 24:3 , 10 26:4 28:19 . In pl., as in OT, τὰ ἔ. (like Heb. הַגּוֹיִם ), the nations , as distinct from Israel, Gentiles : Mt 4:15 6:32 , Ac 26:17 , Ro 3:29 11:11 15:10 , Ga 2:8 , al.; of G...
Derivation: probably from G1486 (ἔθω);
lawless, wicked, without law
Primary meaning: lawless, wicked, without law. Strong's: lawless, i.e. (negatively) not subject to (the Jewish) law; (by implication, a Gentile), or (positively) wicked. Lexical nuances: lawless , wicked : Mk 15:28 , Lk 22:37 , Ac 2:23 , I Ti 1:9 , II Pe 2:8 ; ὁ ἄ. , II Th 2:8 (= ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας , II Th 2:3 ).
Derivation: from G1 (Α) (as a negative particle) and G3551 (νόμος);
a bringing together, a gathering in, a collection
Primary meaning: a bringing together, a gathering in, a collection, a collecting, assembling. Strong's: an assemblage of persons; specially, a Jewish "synagogue" (the meeting or the place); by analogy, a Christian church. Lexical nuances: prop., a bringing together ;
Derivation: from (the reduplicated form of) G4863 (συνάγω);
Job • Chapter 20 (29 verses)
Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, Therefore do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste. I have heard the check of my reproach, and the spirit of my understanding causeth me to answer.
Psalms • Chapter 73 (28 verses)
Truly God is good to Israel , even to such as are of a clean heart. But as for me, my feet were almost gone; my steps had well nigh slipped. For I was envious at the foolish, when I saw the prosperity of the wicked. Mentions: Jacob/Israel .
2 Esdras • Chapter 3 (36 verses)
In the thirties year after the ruin of the city, I Salathiel (the same is Esdras) was in Babylon , and lay troubled upon my bed, and my thoughts came up over my heart: for I saw the desolation of Sion, and the wealth of them that lived at Babylon . And my spirit was sore moved, so ... Mentions: Adam , Noah , Abram/Abraham , Isaac , Jacob/Israel , Babylon, Esau , Egypt , Sinai .
Daniel • Chapter 4 (37 verses)
Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all people, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; Peace be multiplied unto you. I thought it good to shew the signs and wonders that the high God hath wrought toward me. How great are his signs! and how mighty are his wonders! his king... Mentions: Daniel , Babylon .
2 Samuel • Chapter 13 (39 verses)
And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister, whose name was Tamar ; and Amnon the son of David loved her. And Amnon was so vexed, that he fell sick for his sister Tamar ; for she was a virgin; and Amnon thought it hard for him to do any thing to ... Mentions: David, Tamar, Jacob/Israel , Baal , Ephraim , Tamar 2 , Geshur .
Jewish Mikva'ot Roots, John's Baptism, Apostolic Practice, and the Paedobaptist vs Credobaptist Debate
Instituted by the risen Lord in the Great Commission ( Matt 28:19 ) as the initiatory sacrament/ordinance of union with Christ 's death and resurrection ( Rom 6:3-4 ). The subjects (Credobaptism vs Paedobaptism) and efficacy (Regeneration vs Covenant Sign vs Symbolic Badge) are cataloged under scholarly-debate.
The Wisdom of Solomon • Chapter 17 (21 verses)
For great are your judgements, and hard to interpret; Therefore souls undisciplined went astray. For when lawless men had supposed that they held a holy nation in their power, They, themselves, prisoners of darkness, and bound in the fetters of a long night, Close kept beneath ...
1 Thessalonians • Chapter 3 (13 verses)
Wherefore when we could no longer forbear, we thought it good to be left at Athens alone; And sent Timothy, our brother, and minister of God, and our fellowlabourer in the gospel of Christ , to establish you, and to comfort you concerning your faith: That no man should be moved by... Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah , Athens .
Proverbs • Chapter 16 (33 verses)
The preparations of the heart in man, and the answer of the tongue, is from the Lord. All the ways of a man are clean in his own eyes; but the Lord weigheth the spirits. Commit thy works unto the Lord, and thy thoughts shall be established.
purification
Primary meaning: purification. Strong's: a cleansing (the act), i.e. (ceremonially) lustration. Lexical nuances: purification : in ceremonial sense, Ac 21:26 (LXX) .†
Derivation: from G48 (ἁγνίζω);
to, separate, select
Primary meaning: to, separate, select, choose. Strong's: by implication, to try, condemn, punish. Lexical nuances: to separate , select , choose (cl.; in LXX: II Mac 13:15 ). to approve , esteem : Ro 14:5 . to be of opinion , judge , think : Lk 7:43 , I Co 11:13 ; seq. τοῦτο ὅτι , II Co 5:14 ; c. acc. et inf., Ac 16:15 ; c. acc. et pred., Ac 13:46 26:8 . to decide , determine , decree : c. acc., Ac 16:4 , Ro 14:13 , I Co 7:37 , II Co 2:1 ; c. inf. (Field, Notes , 167), Ac 20:16 25:25 , I Co 2:2 5:3 , Tit 3:...
Derivation: properly, to distinguish, i.e. decide (mentally or judicially);
The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach, or Ecclesiasticus • Chapter 23 (27 verses)
O Lord, Father and Master of my life, Abandon me not to their counsel: Suffer me not to fall by them. Who will set scourges over my thought, And a discipline of wisdom over mine heart? That they spare me not for mine ignorances, And my heart pass not by their sins: That mine ign... Mentions: Jacob/Israel .
Jeremiah • Chapter 18 (23 verses)
The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying, Arise, and go down to the potter's house, and there I will cause thee to hear my words. Then I went down to the potter's house, and, behold, he wrought a work on the wheels. Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Judah , Jerusalem , Lebanon .
Job • Chapter 42 (17 verses)
Then Job answered the Lord, and said, I know that thou canst do every thing, and that no thought can be withholden from thee. Who is he that hideth counsel without knowledge? therefore have I uttered that I understood not; things too wonderful for me, which I knew not. Mentions: Eliphaz .
Judges • Chapter 15 (20 verses)
But it came to pass within a while after, in the time of wheat harvest, that Samson visited his wife with a kid; and he said, I will go in to my wife into the chamber. But her father would not suffer him to go in. And her father said, I verily thought that thou hadst utterly hate... Mentions: Judah , Jacob/Israel , Etam 1 , Lehi .
a teacher of the law
Primary meaning: a teacher of the law. Strong's: an expounder of the (Jewish) law, i.e. a Rabbi. Lexical nuances: a teacher of the law : Lk 5:17 , Ac 5:34 , I Ti 1:7 (NT and eccl. only; cf. νομοδείκτης , -διδάκτης , Plut.).†
Derivation: from G3551 (νόμος) and G1320 (διδάσκαλος);
