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Persia

Persia (Biblical Place • Ecbatana • 34.798°N, 48.515°E): Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Chr 36:20 , 2 Chr 36:22 , 2 Chr 36:23 , Ezra 1:1 , Ezra 1:2 , Ezra 1:8 (identified with Ecbatana ). Within the broader Biblical Knowledge Graph, this connects directly to Babylonian Captivity & Post-Exilic Return—In 586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and deported Judah , including King Jehoiachin and High Priest Jehozadak ( 1 Chronicles 6:15 ), before the Persian decree of Cyrus enabled Zerubbabel , Joshua , Ezra , and Nehemiah to rebuild the Temple and walls of Jerusalem .

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

Key geographical locations connected to this topic include Persia (Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Chr 36:20 , 2 Chr 36:22 , 2 Chr 36:23 , Ezra 1:1 , Ezra 1:2 , Ezra 1:8 (identified with Ecbatana ).) 3D Sanctuary Reconstructions: Persian Lamassu (Gate of All Nations) — Colossal carved limestone winged human-headed bull (Lamassu) guarding the Gate of All Nations built by King Xerxes I (biblical Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther and Ezra 4:6 ) at Persepolis, exemplifying the imperial Achaemenid court architecture of Esther , Ezra , and Nehemiah .

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Primary KJV scripture witnesses include Ezra 4:5 : "And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia , even until the reign of Darius king of Persia ."; Daniel 10:13 : "But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me one and twenty days: but, lo, Michael , one of the chief princes, came to help me; and I remained there with the kings of Persia..."; Daniel 5:28 : "PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.". Related canonical books and chapters: Ezra (Old Testament • 10 Chapters), Ezra 1 ( Ezra • Chapter 1 (11 verses)), Ezra 4 (Ezra • Chapter 4 (24 verses)).

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary

Topics, People & Places (36)

Persia
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Ecbatana • 34.798°N, 48.515°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Chr 36:20 , 2 Chr 36:22 , 2 Chr 36:23 , Ezra 1:1 , Ezra 1:2 , Ezra 1:8 (identified with Ecbatana ).

Cyrus Cylinder — Declaration of Persian Return (Ezra 1)
IMAGE • archaeology

Ancient clay cylinder inscribed in Babylonian cuneiform (539 BCE) detailing Cyrus the Great's decree permitting exiled peoples to return to their homelands and rebuild their sanctuaries.

Babylonian Cuneiform Scribes of Cyrus II • British Museum, London (BM 90920) / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
Map of the Persian Empire & Jewish Return under Cyrus
IMAGE • maps

The twenty satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire and the return routes of Zerubbabel , Ezra , and Nehemiah .

Historical Biblical Cartographers • Geographicus / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Interactive 3D Royal Portal Guardian • Esther 1 & Ezra 4:6

Colossal carved limestone winged human-headed bull (Lamassu) guarding the Gate of All Nations built by King Xerxes I (biblical Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther and Ezra 4:6 ) at Persepolis, exemplifying the imperial Achaemenid court architecture of Esther , Ezra , and Nehemiah .

Behistun Inscription — Darius the Great Trilingual Relief
IMAGE • archaeology

Colossal rock relief in Iran carved in Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian, key to deciphering cuneiform and Persian royal decrees in Ezra .

Achaemenid Persian Stonemasons (Darius the Great) • UNESCO World Heritage Site, Bisotun CC-BY-SA 4.0
Ezra
99% Old Testament
Old Testament • 10 Chapters

Ezra (Old Testament, 10 chapters). Key figures: Judah , Jacob/Israel , Benjamin , Zerubbabel , Seraiah , Shephatiah . Key places: Persia , Jerusalem , Babylon , Jeshua , Elam , Netophah . Opens with: "Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia , that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up th..."

Wiki Article • History & Monarchy

In 586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and deported Judah , including King Jehoiachin and High Priest Jehozadak ( 1 Chronicles 6:15 ), before the Persian decree of Cyrus enabled Zerubbabel , Joshua , Ezra , and Nehemiah to rebuild the Temple and walls of Jerusalem .

Ezra 1
99% Chapter
Ezra • Chapter 1 (11 verses)

Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia , that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia , that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, Thus saith Cyr... Mentions: Judah , Jacob/Israel , Benjamin , Persia, Jerusalem , Babylon .

Ezra 4
99% Chapter
Ezra • Chapter 4 (24 verses)

Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity builded the temple unto the Lord God of Israel ; Then they came to Zerubbabel , and to the chief of the fathers, and said unto them, Let us build with you: for we seek your God, as ye do; and we... Mentions: Judah , Benjamin , Jacob/Israel , Zerubbabel , Jeshua , Persia , Jerusalem , Samaria .

Ezra 6
99% Chapter
Ezra • Chapter 6 (22 verses)

Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made in the house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon . And there was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of the Medes, a roll, and therein was a record thus written: In the first year of... Mentions: Zechariah , Iddo , Jacob/Israel , Moses , Babylon , Jerusalem , Persia , Assyria .

Ezra 7
99% Chapter
Ezra • Chapter 7 (28 verses)

Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia , Ezra the son of Seraiah , the son of Azariah , the son of Hilkiah , The son of Shallum , the son of Zadok , the son of Ahitub , The son of Amariah , the son of Azariah , the son of Meraioth , Mentions: Ezra , Seraiah , Azariah (or Uzziah), Hilkiah , Shallum , Persia , Babylon , Jerusalem .

Judith
99% Apocrypha
Apocrypha / Deuterocanonical • 16 Chapters

Judith ( Apocrypha / Deuterocanonical , 16 chapters). Key figures: Arpachshad (or Arphaxad ), Moab , Ammon , Asshur , Lud , Ishmael . Key places: Nineveh , Ecbatana , Euphrates , Tigris , Persia , Cilicia . Opens with: "IN the twelfth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned over the Assyrians in Nineveh , the great city; in the days of Arphaxad, who ..."

Daniel 10
99% Chapter
Daniel • Chapter 10 (21 verses)

In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a thing was revealed unto Daniel , whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the thing was true, but the time appointed was long: and he understood the thing, and had understanding of the vision. In those days I Daniel was mourning three ful... Mentions: Daniel, Michael , Persia , Uphaz .

Daniel 11
99% Chapter
Daniel • Chapter 11 (45 verses)

Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, even I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him. And now will I shew thee the truth. Behold, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia ; and the fourth shall be far richer than they all: and by his strength through his riches he sha... Mentions: Esau ( Edom ), Moab , Ammon , Persia , Egypt , Kittim , Edom.

Esther 10
99% Chapter
Esther • Chapter 10 (3 verses)

And the king Ahasuerus laid a tribute upon the land, and upon the isles of the sea. And all the acts of his power and of his might, and the declaration of the greatness of Mordecai, whereunto the king advanced him, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings o... Mentions: Media , Persia .

2 Chronicles 36
99% Chapter
2 Chronicles • Chapter 36 (23 verses)

Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah , and made him king in his father's stead in Jerusalem . Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem . And the king of Egypt put him down at Jerusalem, and condem... Mentions: Jehoahaz (or Johanan ), Josiah , Jehoiakim (or Eliakim ), Judah , Jacob/Israel , Jerusalem, Egypt , Babylon , Persia .

Daniel 8
99% Chapter
Daniel • Chapter 8 (27 verses)

In the third year of the reign of king Belshazzar a vision appeared unto me, even unto me Daniel , after that which appeared unto me at the first. And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass, when I saw, that I was at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam ; and I s... Mentions: Daniel , Elam , Ulai , Media , Persia .

Ezra 9
99% Chapter
Ezra • Chapter 9 (15 verses)

Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, The people of Israel , and the priests, and the Levites , have not separated themselves from the people of the lands, doing according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Je... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Ammonites , Moabites , Judah , Persia , Jerusalem .

Esther
99% Old Testament
Old Testament • 10 Chapters

Esther (Old Testament, 10 chapters). Key figures: Jair , Shimei , Kish , Jehoiachin (or Jeconiah ), Judah . Key places: India , Ethiopia , Persia , Media , Tarshish , Jair . Opens with: "Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India even unto Ethiopia , over an hundred and seven and..."

Bel and the Dragon
99% Apocrypha
Apocrypha / Deuterocanonical • 1 Chapters

Bel and the Dragon ( Apocrypha / Deuterocanonical , 1 chapters). Key figures: Daniel . Key places: Babylon . Opens with: "AND king Astyages was gathered to his fathers, and Cyrus the Persian received his kingdom...."

Esther 1
99% Chapter
Esther • Chapter 1 (22 verses)

Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India even unto Ethiopia , over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:) That in those days, when the king Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in Shushan the palace, In the th... Mentions: India , Ethiopia , Persia , Media , Tarshish .

Judith 1
99% Chapter
Judith • Chapter 1 (16 verses)

IN the twelfth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned over the Assyrians in Nineveh , the great city; in the days of Arphaxad , who reigned over the Medes in Ecbatana , and built at Ecbatana and round about it walls of hewn stones three cubits broad and six cubits long, an... Mentions: Arpachshad (or Arphaxad), Moab , Ammon , Nineveh , Ecbatana, Euphrates , Tigris , Persia .

The First Book of the Maccabees • Chapter 6 (63 verses)

And king Antiochus was journeying through the upper countries; and he heard say, that in Elymais in Persia there was a city renowned for riches, for silver and gold; and that the temple which was in it was rich exceedingly, and that therein were golden shields, and breastplates, ... Mentions: Judah , Jacob/Israel , Judas , Eleazar , Persia , Babylon , Jerusalem , Media , Antioch 1 .

Ezekiel 38
99% Chapter
Ezekiel • Chapter 38 (23 verses)

And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying, Son of man, set thy face against Gog , the land of Magog , the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal , and prophesy against him, And say, Thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog , the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal : Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Gog, Magog , Meshech, Tubal, Persia .

Apocrypha / Deuterocanonical • 15 Chapters

The Second Book of the Maccabees ( Apocrypha / Deuterocanonical , 15 chapters). Key figures: Abram/Abraham , Isaac , Jacob/Israel , Judas , Jonathan , Moses . Key places: Jerusalem , Egypt , Persia , Cyrene , Asia , Phoenicia . Opens with: "THE brethren, the Jews that are in Jerusalem and they that are in the country of Judaea, send greeting to the brethren, the Jews that are th..."

1 Esdras 3
99% Chapter
1 Esdras • Chapter 3 (24 verses)

Now king Darius made a great feast to all his subjects, and to all that were born in his house, and to all the princes of Media and of Persia , and to all the satraps and captains and governors that were under him, from India to Ethiopia , in the hundred twenty and seven provinces.... Mentions: Media , Persia , India , Ethiopia .

Ezra 3
99% Chapter
Ezra • Chapter 3 (13 verses)

And when the seventh month was come, and the children of Israel were in the cities, the people gathered themselves together as one man to Jerusalem . Then stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel , and his brethren, and b... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Zerubbabel , Shealtiel , Moses , Judah , Jerusalem , Jeshua , Tyre , Lebanon , Joppa .

1 Esdras 2
99% Chapter
1 Esdras • Chapter 2 (30 verses)

In the first year of Cyrus king of the Persians, that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremy might be accomplished, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of the Persians, and he made proclamation through all his kingdom, and also by writing, saying, Thus says Cyrus k... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Judah , Benjamin , Jerusalem , Babylon , Samaria , Phoenicia , Syria .

Daniel
99% Old Testament
Old Testament • 12 Chapters

Daniel (Old Testament, 12 chapters). Key figures: Jehoiakim (or Eliakim ), Judah , Jacob/Israel , Daniel, Azariah (or Uzziah ), Elam . Key places: Babylon , Jerusalem , Shinar , Dura , Elam , Ulai . Opens with: "In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem , and besieged it...."

1 Esdras 5
99% Chapter
1 Esdras • Chapter 5 (73 verses)

After this were the chiefs of fathers’ houses chosen to go up according to their tribes, with their wives and sons and daughters, with their menservants and maidservants, and their cattle. And Darius sent with them a thousand horsemen, till they had brought them back to Jerusalem ... Mentions: Aaron , Yeshua the Messiah , David , Judah , Moab , Jerusalem , Persia , Babylon , Elam .

Nehemiah 12
99% Chapter
Nehemiah • Chapter 12 (47 verses)

Now these are the priests and the Levites that went up with Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel , and Jeshua : Seraiah , Jeremiah , Ezra , Amariah , Malluch, Hattush, Shechaniah, Rehum, Meremoth, Mentions: Zerubbabel , Shealtiel , Seraiah , Ezra , Amariah , Jeshua , Jerusalem , Gilgal 1 , Geba 1 , Azmaveth .

1 Esdras 8
99% Chapter
1 Esdras • Chapter 8 (96 verses)

And after these things, when Artaxerxes the king of the Persians reigned, came Ezdras the son of Azaraias, the son of Zechrias, the son of Helkias, the son of Salem , the son of Sadduk, the son of Ahitob, the son of Amarias, the son of Ozias, the son of Memeroth, the son of Zarai... Mentions: Eleazar , Aaron , Moses , Jacob/Israel , Ithamar , Salem , Babylon , Jerusalem , Babylonia , Syria .

The First Book of the Maccabees • Chapter 14 (49 verses)

And in the hundred and seventy and second year king Demetrius gathered his forces together, and went into Media , to get him help, that he might fight against Tryphon. And Arsaces, the king of Persia and Media , heard that Demetrius was come into his borders, and he sent one of hi... Mentions: Simon , Jacob/Israel , Jonathan , Judas , Mattathias , Media, Persia , Joppa , Rome , Jerusalem .

The First Book of the Maccabees • Chapter 3 (60 verses)

And his son Judas , who was called Maccabaeus, rose up in his stead. And all his brethren helped him, and so did all they that clave to his father, and they fought with gladness the battle of Israel . And he got his people great glory, and put on a breastplate as a giant, and girde... Mentions: Judas , Jacob/Israel , Judah , Samaria , Syria , Persia , Euphrates , Egypt .

The First Book of the Maccabees • Chapter 1 (64 verses)

AND it came to pass, after that Alexander the Macedonian, the son of Philip, who came out of the land of Chittim, and struck Darius king of the Persians and Medes, it came to pass, after he had struck him, that he reigned in his stead, in former time, over Greece . And he fought... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Judah , David , Greece , Rome , Jerusalem , Egypt .

The Second Book of the Maccabees • Chapter 9 (29 verses)

Now about that time it befell that Antiochus had returned in disorder from the region of Persia . For he had entered into the city called Persepolis, and he assayed to rob a temple and to hold down the city. Whereupon there was an onset of the multitudes, and Antiochus and his ... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Persia , Ecbatana , Jerusalem , Athens , Egypt .

Scripture Passages (24)

And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia , even until the reign of Darius king of Persia .

But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me one and twenty days: but, lo, Michael , one of the chief princes, came to help me; and I remained there with the kings of Persia .

PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.

Persia , Ethiopia , and Libya with them; all of them with shield and helmet:

The ram which thou sawest having two horns are the kings of Media and Persia .

So this Daniel prospered in the reign of Darius, and in the reign of Cyrus the Persian.

Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia , that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia , that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,

Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia , that the word of the Lord spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia , that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,

Even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah .

Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia , Ezra the son of Seraiah , the son of Azariah , the son of Hilkiah ,

Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not.

Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem . So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia .

The Levites in the days of Eliashib, Joiada, and Johanan , and Jaddua, were recorded chief of the fathers: also the priests, to the reign of Darius the Persian.

They of Persia and of Lud and of Put were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.

And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to Babylon ; where they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia :

In the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the power of Persia and Media , the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him:

Then said he, Knowest thou wherefore I come unto thee? and now will I return to fight with the prince of Persia : and when I am gone forth, lo, the prince of Grecia shall come.

And the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish , Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media , which saw the king's face, and which sat the first in the kingdom;)

Likewise shall the ladies of Persia and Media say this day unto all the king's princes, which have heard of the deed of the queen. Thus shall there arise too much contempt and wrath.

Then these men assembled unto the king, and said unto the king, Know, O king, that the law of the Medes and Persians is, That no decree nor statute which the king establisheth may be changed.

Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia , The Lord God of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he hath charged me to build him an house at Jerusalem , which is in Judah .

And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia ; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue.

And all the acts of his power and of his might, and the declaration of the greatness of Mordecai, whereunto the king advanced him, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Media and Persia ?

In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a thing was revealed unto Daniel , whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the thing was true, but the time appointed was long: and he understood the thing, and had understanding of the vision.

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