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Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency)

Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) (Interactive 3D Foundation Cylinder • Daniel 5:1–30 ): Cuneiform foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus recording temple restorations and offering a royal prayer for his eldest son Belshazzar, confirming his coregency in Daniel 5 . Within the broader Biblical Knowledge Graph, this connects directly to Major & Minor Prophets of Israel —Spanning the eighth to fifth centuries BCE, the Major Prophets ( Isaiah , Jeremiah , Ezekiel , Daniel ) and the Twelve Minor Prophets ( Hosea through Malachi ) called Israel and Judah back to covenant righteousness while foretelling redemption and the coming Messiah.

Connected Genealogical Figures & Lineage

Hezekiah (Generation 46 • Messianic Line • Child of Ahaz ): Hezekiah is a biblical figure in Generation 46 of the Messianic Line , child of Ahaz , parent of Manasseh . ( 1 Chronicles 3:13 , Matthew 1:9 ) (mentioned in 2 Kings 16 , 2 Kings 18 , 2 Kings 19 ) Josiah (Generation 49 • Messianic Line • Child of Amon ): Josiah is a biblical figure in Generation 49 of the Messianic Line, child of Amon , parent of Jehoahaz (or Johanan ), Jehoiakim (or Eliakim ), Zedekiah (or Matteniah ), Shallum . ( 1 Chronicles 3:14 , Matthew 1:10 ) (mentioned in 1 Kings 13 , 2 Kings 21 , 2 Kings 22 ) Joshua (Generation 49 • Child of Jehozadak ): Joshua is a biblical figure in Generation 49, child of Jehozadak . ( Haggai 1:1 , Haggai 1:12 , Zechariah 6:11 ) (mentioned in Haggai 1 , Zechariah 6 ) Azariah (or Uzziah ) (Generation 43 • Messianic Line • Child of Amaziah ): Azariah (or Uzziah) is a biblical figure in Generation 43 of the Messianic Line, child of Amaziah , parent of Jotham . ( 1 Chronicles 3:12 , Matthew 1:8 ) (mentioned in 1 Kings 4 , 2 Kings 14 , 2 Kings 15 )

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

Key geographical locations connected to this topic include Ur (Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 11:28 , Gen 11:31 , Gen 15:7 , Neh 9:7 .) 3D Sanctuary Reconstructions: Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) — Cuneiform foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus recording temple restorations and offering a royal prayer for his eldest son Belshazzar, confirming his coregency in Daniel 5 . The Cyrus Cylinder — Ancient barrel-shaped baked clay cylinder inscribed in Babylonian cuneiform on behalf of King Cyrus the Great after his conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, recording his policy of restoring exiled peoples and sacred temple vessels to their homelands—paralleling the decree in Ezra 1:1–4 and 2 Chronicles 36:22–23 .

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Primary KJV scripture witnesses include Daniel 5:30 : "In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain."; Daniel 5:22 : "And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this;"; Daniel 5:9 : "Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonished.". Related canonical books and chapters: Daniel 5 ( Daniel • Chapter 5 (31 verses)), Daniel 7 ( Daniel • Chapter 7 (28 verses)), Daniel 8 (Daniel • Chapter 8 (27 verses)).

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary History Perspective

Topics, People & Places (36)

Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Foundation Cylinder • Daniel 5:1–30

Cuneiform foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus recording temple restorations and offering a royal prayer for his eldest son Belshazzar, confirming his coregency in Daniel 5 .

Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar & Ur
99% direct_archaeological
Cuneiform foundation cylinders of the last king of Babylon explicitly naming Belshazzar his eldest son

Large clay foundation cylinders excavated from temple ruins at Sippar and Ur in which King Nabonidus describes restoring sanctuaries and offers prayers for his eldest son, Crown Prince Belshazzar.

Nabonidus Cylinder from Sippar
IMAGE • archaeology

Foundation barrel cylinder of King Nabonidus with cuneiform prayer naming his eldest son Belshazzar ( Daniel 5 ).

Curators & Archaeologists of British Museum • British Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Cyrus Cylinder
99% direct_archaeological
6th-century BC baked-clay Persian proclamation decreeing the repatriation of exiled peoples and rebuilding of sanctuaries

A barrel-shaped cylinder inscribed in Babylonian cuneiform by Cyrus the Great following his peaceful conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, articulating his imperial policy of religious restoration.

The Cyrus Cylinder 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Cuneiform Artifact • Ezra 1:1–4

Ancient barrel-shaped baked clay cylinder inscribed in Babylonian cuneiform on behalf of King Cyrus the Great after his conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, recording his policy of restoring exiled peoples and sacred temple vessels to their homelands—paralleling the decree in Ezra 1:1–4 and 2 Chronicles 36:22–23 .

Daniel 5
93% Chapter
Daniel • Chapter 5 (31 verses)

Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand. Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem ; that ... Mentions: Daniel , Judah , Jerusalem , Babylon .

Rembrandt — Belshazzar's Feast (1635)
IMAGE • artwork

The Babylonian king terrorized by the supernatural hand writing 'Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin' on the wall.

Rembrandt van Rijn • Rijksmuseum / Historical Archive Public Domain Mark 1.0
Cyrus Cylinder — Declaration of Persian Return (Ezra 1)
IMAGE • archaeology

Ancient clay cylinder inscribed in Babylonian cuneiform (539 BCE) detailing Cyrus the Great's decree permitting exiled peoples to return to their homelands and rebuild their sanctuaries.

Babylonian Cuneiform Scribes of Cyrus II • British Museum, London (BM 90920) / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
Major & Minor Prophets of Israel
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) 83% Wiki Topic
Wiki Article • Prophets & Wisdom

Spanning the eighth to fifth centuries BCE, the Major Prophets ( Isaiah , Jeremiah , Ezekiel , Daniel ) and the Twelve Minor Prophets ( Hosea through Malachi ) called Israel and Judah back to covenant righteousness while foretelling redemption and the coming Messiah.

Nabonidus Chronicle Tablet
IMAGE • archaeology

Chronicle tablet recording the peaceful surrender of Babylon to Cyrus the Great without battle in 539 BC.

Curators & Archaeologists of British Museum • British Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Dead Sea Scrolls & Qumran Storage Jars 3D & AR
Interactive 3D Manuscript & Jar Reconstruction • Isaiah 40 & Psalms

Second Temple period biblical manuscripts written on parchment and papyrus and sealed inside cylindrical terracotta storage jars in the eleven caves above Khirbet Qumran on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea—including the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaᵃ).

אֱלֹהִים
elohim (ʾĕlōhîm) [el-o-HEEM]
H430 Hebrew noun masculine plural 2602x
God, gods, deity

Plural of majesty used predominantly with singular verbs to designate the one true God, Creator of the universe, possessing supreme transcendent power, sovereign authority, and plenitude of divine attributes.

Derivation: Plural of אֱלוֹהַּ (H433), probably from אֵל (H410).
Daniel 7
69% Chapter
Daniel • Chapter 7 (28 verses)

In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon Daniel had a dream and visions of his head upon his bed: then he wrote the dream, and told the sum of the matters. Daniel spake and said, I saw in my vision by night, and, behold, the four winds of the heaven strove upon the great s... Mentions: Daniel, Babylon .

Daniel 8
68% Chapter
Daniel • Chapter 8 (27 verses)

In the third year of the reign of king Belshazzar a vision appeared unto me, even unto me Daniel , after that which appeared unto me at the first. And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass, when I saw, that I was at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam ; and I s... Mentions: Daniel , Elam , Ulai , Media , Persia .

Sennacherib Prism (Taylor Prism)
62% direct_archaeological
Neo-Assyrian hexagonal clay cylinder recording the 701 BC siege of Jerusalem and Hezekiah of Judah

A six-sided fired clay prism recording eight military campaigns of Sennacherib, containing the official Assyrian state perspective on the siege of Judah and Jerusalem in 701 BC.

Deuteronomy 4
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) → Deuteronomy 4 59% Chapter
Deuteronomy • Chapter 4 (49 verses)

Now therefore hearken, O Israel , unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which the Lord God of your fathers giveth you. Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye dimin... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Baal , Moses , Horeb , Egypt , Jordan , Bezer .

Psalms 50
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) → Psalms 50 59% Chapter
Psalms • Chapter 50 (23 verses)

The mighty God, even the Lord, hath spoken, and called the earth from the rising of the sun unto the going down thereof. Out of Zion , the perfection of beauty, God hath shined. Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence: a fire shall devour before him, and it shall be very te... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Zion .

Hezekiah
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) → Hezekiah 59% Messianic Line
Generation 46 • Messianic Line • Child of Ahaz

Hezekiah is a biblical figure in Generation 46 of the Messianic Line , child of Ahaz , parent of Manasseh . ( 1 Chronicles 3:13 , Matthew 1:9 )

Josiah
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) → Josiah 59% Messianic Line
Generation 49 • Messianic Line • Child of Amon

Josiah is a biblical figure in Generation 49 of the Messianic Line , child of Amon , parent of Jehoahaz (or Johanan ), Jehoiakim (or Eliakim ), Zedekiah (or Matteniah ), Shallum . ( 1 Chronicles 3:14 , Matthew 1:10 )

Genesis 1
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) → Genesis 1 58% Chapter
Genesis • Chapter 1 (31 verses)

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.

Psalms 82
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) → Psalms 82 58% Chapter
Psalms • Chapter 82 (8 verses)

God standeth in the congregation of the mighty; he judgeth among the gods. How long will ye judge unjustly, and accept the persons of the wicked? Selah. Defend the poor and fatherless: do justice to the afflicted and needy.

Joshua
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) → Joshua 58% Gen 49
Generation 49 • Child of Jehozadak

Joshua is a biblical figure in Generation 49, child of Jehozadak . ( Haggai 1:1 , Haggai 1:12 , Zechariah 6:11 )

Azariah (or Uzziah)
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder (Belshazzar Coregency) → Azariah (or Uzziah) 58% Messianic Line
Generation 43 • Messianic Line • Child of Amaziah

Azariah (or Uzziah) is a biblical figure in Generation 43 of the Messianic Line , child of Amaziah , parent of Jotham . ( 1 Chronicles 3:12 , Matthew 1:8 )

Daniel 5:7
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar & Ur 33% Verse
Daniel Chapter 5, Verse 7

Scripture passage in Daniel 5:7

Daniel 7:1
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar & Ur 33% Verse
Daniel Chapter 7, Verse 1

Scripture passage in Daniel 7:1

Daniel 5:1
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar & Ur 33% Verse
Daniel Chapter 5, Verse 1

Scripture passage in Daniel 5:1

Daniel 5:16
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar & Ur 33% Verse
Daniel Chapter 5, Verse 16

Scripture passage in Daniel 5:16

Daniel 5:29
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar & Ur 33% Verse
Daniel Chapter 5, Verse 29

Scripture passage in Daniel 5:29

Ur
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar & Ur 31% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 30.962°N, 46.104°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 11:28 , Gen 11:31 , Gen 15:7 , Neh 9:7 .

מֶלֶךְ
melek (meleḵ) [MEH-lekh]
H4428 Hebrew noun masculine 2530x
king, royal sovereign

King, sovereign ruler; human earthly king under the covenant law (Deuteronomy 17) and supremely Yahweh as cosmic King of kings ruling from Zion.

Derivation: From מָלַךְ (H4427) to reign.
Isaiah 44
Connected via The Cyrus Cylinder 31% Chapter
Isaiah • Chapter 44 (28 verses)

Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel , whom I have chosen: Thus saith the Lord that made thee, and formed thee from the womb, which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and thou, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen. For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and fl... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Judah , Jerusalem .

Neo-Babylonian Empire & the Chaldean Hegemony
Connected via Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar & Ur 30% direct_archaeological
c. 626–539 BC Golden Age of Babylon under Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar II, destruction of Jerusalem 586 BC

The Chaldean empire that overthrew Assyria , rebuilt Babylon into the wonder of the ancient world ( Ishtar Gate , Processional Way, Etemenanki Ziggurat, Hanging Gardens), and besieged, looted, and burned the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem in 586 BC.

Ancient Near Eastern Suzerainty Treaties & Deuteronomy Covenant Form
Connected via Cyrus Cylinder — Declaration of Persian Return (Ezra 1) 30% Wiki Topic
Hittite Vassal Treaties, Neo-Assyrian Parallels, and the Covenant Lawsuit (Rib)

Monumental archaeological and historical consensus (established by George Mendenhall, Kenneth Kitchen, Meredith Kline) that the literary structure of the Mosaic Covenant in Exodus and particularly Deuteronomy mirrors Late Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC) Hittite Vassal Treaties rather than 1st millennium Neo-Assyrian treaties.

Scripture Passages (8)

In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain.

And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this;

Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonished.

Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.

In the third year of the reign of king Belshazzar a vision appeared unto me, even unto me Daniel , after that which appeared unto me at the first.

In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon Daniel had a dream and visions of his head upon his bed: then he wrote the dream, and told the sum of the matters.

Then commanded Belshazzar, and they clothed Daniel with scarlet, and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made a proclamation concerning him, that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom.

Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem ; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein.

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