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Idumea

Idumea (Biblical Place • Bozrah 1 • 30.735°N, 35.606°E): Ancient biblical location referenced in Mark 3:8 (identified with Bozrah 1 ). Within the broader Biblical Knowledge Graph, this connects directly to Biblical Textual Criticism: Papyri, Uncials & Manuscript Families—Historical and scientific consensus that over 5,800 Greek NT manuscripts, ancient versions (Syriac Peshitta, Old Latin, Coptic, Vulgate), and early patristic quotations preserve the pristine original text of the NT with >99% substantial fidelity. Minor variant debates (e.g. Pericope Adulterae John 7:53–8 :11, Longer Ending of Mark 16:9-20 , Comma Johanneum 1 John 5:7-8 ) are evaluated via transparent canons of textual criticism.

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

Key geographical locations connected to this topic include Idumea (Ancient biblical location referenced in Mark 3:8 (identified with Bozrah 1 ).) Rimmono (Ancient biblical location referenced in 1 Chr 6:77 (identified with Dimnah ).) Shibah (Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 26:33 (identified with Beersheba ).) Bor-ashan (Ancient biblical location referenced in 1 Sam 30:30 (identified with Ashnah ).)

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Related canonical books and chapters: John 3 ( John • Chapter 3 (36 verses)), 2 Esdras 4 ( 2 Esdras • Chapter 4 (52 verses)), 1 Corinthians 5 ( 1 Corinthians • Chapter 5 (13 verses)).

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary

Topics, People & Places (36)

Idumea
99% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Bozrah 1 • 30.735°N, 35.606°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Mark 3:8 (identified with Bozrah 1 ).

Rimmono
83% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Dimnah • 32.782°N, 35.321°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in 1 Chr 6:77 (identified with Dimnah ).

Shibah
80% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Beersheba • 31.245°N, 34.841°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 26:33 (identified with Beersheba ).

Bor-ashan
80% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Ashnah • 31.810°N, 34.937°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in 1 Sam 30:30 (identified with Ashnah ).

Mortar
79% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Jerusalem • 31.777°N, 35.235°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Zeph 1:11 (identified with Jerusalem ).

Diviners' Oak
75% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Shechem • 32.214°N, 35.282°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Judg 9:37 (identified with Shechem ).

Allon-bacuth
75% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Bethel 1 • 31.931°N, 35.221°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 35:8 (identified with Bethel 1 ).

μεσιτεύω
mesiteuo (mesiteúō) [mes-it-yoo'-o]
G3315 Greek verb 1x
to interpose, mediate

Primary meaning: to interpose, mediate. Strong's: to interpose (as arbiter), i.e (by implication) to ratify (as surety). Lexical nuances: to interpose , mediate : ὅρκῳ , He 6:17 (MM, ii, iii).†

Derivation: from G3316 (μεσίτης);
📄
PDF • facsimiles

Crown of Aleppo folio preserving the stichometric poetic layout and authentic Ben- Asher vocalization.

The Hebrew Student Editorial Board (1882) • Internet Archive Public Domain Mark 1.0
כָּפַר
kapar (kāp̄ar) [kaw-FAR]
H3722 Hebrew verb 102x
to atone, expiate, cover, propitiate

To atone, make propitiation, purge, ransom; central action in Leviticus whereby blood expiates guilt, cleanses defilement, and turns away wrath.

Derivation: Perhaps from pitch/covering (H3724), or Akkadian kuppuru (to wipe clean).
ἀναγεννάω
anagennao (anagennáō) [an-ag-en-nah'-o]
G0313 Greek verb 2x
to beget again

Primary meaning: to beget again. Strong's: to beget or (by extension) bear (again). Lexical nuances: to beget again : metaph., of spiritual birth, I Pe 1:3 1:23 (cf. Cremer, 147; MM, VGT , s.v.).†

Derivation: from G303 (ἀνά) and G1080 (γεννάω);
אֱמוּנָה
emuna (ʾĕmûnâ) [em-oo-NAW]
H530 Hebrew noun feminine 49x
faithfulness, steadfastness, fidelity

Firmness, fidelity, steadfastness, trust; the unwavering reliability of God in keeping His word, and the steadfast fidelity required of the righteous.

Derivation: From אָמַן (H539) to be firm.
ἄφεσις
aphesis (áphesis) [af'-es-is]
G0859 Greek noun feminine 17x
dismissal, release, pardon

Primary meaning: dismissal, release, pardon, remission of penalty. Strong's: freedom; (figuratively) pardon. Lexical nuances: dismissal , release : Lk 4:18 .

Derivation: from G863 (ἀφίημι);
σαββατισμός
sabbatismos (sabbatismós) [sab-bat-is-mos']
G4520 Greek noun masculine 1x
to keep the sabbath,, a keeping sabbath, a sabbath rest

Primary meaning: to keep the sabbath,, a keeping sabbath, a sabbath rest. Strong's: a "sabbatism", i.e. (figuratively) the repose of Christianity (as a type of heaven). Lexical nuances: a keeping sabbath, a sabbath rest : metaph., as in Mishna (Zorell, s.v.), He 4:9 .†

Derivation: from a derivative of G4521 (σάββατον);
Methods, Canons of Criticism, Text-Types, and the Reconstruction of the Original Autographs

Historical and scientific consensus that over 5,800 Greek NT manuscripts, ancient versions (Syriac Peshitta, Old Latin, Coptic, Vulgate), and early patristic quotations preserve the pristine original text of the NT with >99% substantial fidelity. Minor variant debates (e.g. Pericope Adulterae John 7:53–8 :11, Longer Ending of Mark 16:9-20 , Comma Johanneum 1 John 5:7-8 ) are evaluated via transparent canons of textual criticism.

John 3
3% Chapter
John • Chapter 3 (36 verses)

There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews: The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him. Jesus answered and said unto... Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah, Jacob/Israel , Moses , Aenon , Salim , Jordan .

2 Esdras 4
3% Chapter
2 Esdras • Chapter 4 (52 verses)

And the angel that was sent to me, whose name was Uriel , gave me an answer, and said to me, your heart has utterly failed you in regarding this world, and think you to comprehend the way of the Most High? Then said I, Yes my Lord. And he answered me, and said, I am sent to show ... Mentions: Uriel , Jacob/Israel , Adam .

1 Corinthians • Chapter 5 (13 verses)

It is reported commonly that there is fornication among you, and such fornication as is not so much as named among the Gentiles, that one should have his father's wife. And ye are puffed up, and have not rather mourned, that he that hath done this deed might be taken away from am... Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah .

2 Corinthians • Chapter 3 (18 verses)

Do we begin again to commend ourselves? or need we, as some others, epistles of commendation to you, or letters of commendation from you? Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men: Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ minis... Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah , Jacob/Israel , Moses .

Jonah 3
3% Chapter
Jonah • Chapter 3 (10 verses)

And the word of the Lord came unto Jonah the second time, saying, Arise, go unto Nineveh , that great city, and preach unto it the preaching that I bid thee. So Jonah arose, and went unto Nineveh , according to the word of the Lord. Now Nineveh was an exceeding great city of three ... Mentions: Nineveh.

The First Book of the Maccabees • Chapter 2 (70 verses)

In those days rose up Mattathias the son of John , the son of Simeon , a priest of the sons of Joarib, from Jerusalem ; and he lived at Modin. And he had five sons, John , who was surnamed Gaddis; Simon , who was called Thassi; Mentions: Mattathias , Simeon , Simon , Judas , Eleazar , Jerusalem , Zimri , Egypt .

Genesis 6
3% Chapter
Genesis • Chapter 6 (22 verses)

And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose. And the Lord said, My spirit shall not always strive w... Mentions: Noah , Shem , Ham , Japheth , Ham 2 .

2 Corinthians • Chapter 6 (18 verses)

We then, as workers together with him, beseech you also that ye receive not the grace of God in vain. (For he saith, I have heard thee in a time accepted, and in the day of salvation have I succoured thee: behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation.) Gi... Mentions: Yeshua the Messiah .

Ezra 8
3% Chapter
Ezra • Chapter 8 (36 verses)

These are now the chief of their fathers, and this is the genealogy of them that went up with me from Babylon , in the reign of Artaxerxes the king. Of the sons of Phinehas ; Gershom : of the sons of Ithamar ; Daniel : of the sons of David ; Hattush. Of the sons of Shechaniah, of the s... Mentions: Phinehas , Gershon (Gershom), Ithamar , Daniel , David , Babylon , Elam , Ahava , Ariel , Casiphia .

2 Kings 2
3% Chapter
2 Kings • Chapter 2 (25 verses)

And it came to pass, when the Lord would take up Elijah into heaven by a whirlwind, that Elijah went with Elisha from Gilgal . And Elijah said unto Elisha, Tarry here, I pray thee; for the Lord hath sent me to Beth–el. And Elisha said unto him, As the Lord liveth, and as thy soul ... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Gilgal 1 , Jericho , Jordan , Carmel , Samaria .

The Fourth Book of the Maccabees • Chapter 2 (24 verses)

And what wonder? if the lusts of the soul, after participation with what is beautiful, are frustrated, on this ground, therefore, the temperate Joseph is praised in that by reasoning, he subdued, on reflection, the indulgence of sense. For, although young, and ripe for sexual int... Mentions: Joseph , Moses , Jacob/Israel , Simeon , Levi .

The Second Book of the Maccabees • Chapter 7 (42 verses)

And it came to pass that seven brethren also with their mother were at the king’s command taken and shamefully handled with scourges and cords, to compel them to taste of the abominable swine’s flesh. But one of them made himself the spokesman and said, What would you ask and lea... Mentions: Moses .

2 Timothy 3
3% Chapter
2 Timothy • Chapter 3 (17 verses)

This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come. For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despise... Mentions: Moses , Yeshua the Messiah , Antioch 1 , Iconium , Lystra .

The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach, or Ecclesiasticus • Chapter 45 (26 verses)

And he brought out of him a man of mercy, Which found favor in the sight of all flesh; A man beloved of God and men, even Moses , Whose memorial is blessed. He made him like to the glory of the saints, And magnified him in the fears of his enemies. By his words he caused the wonde... Mentions: Moses , Jacob/Israel , Aaron , Levi , Korah .

Revelation 2
3% Chapter
Revelation • Chapter 2 (29 verses)

Unto the angel of the church of Ephesus write; These things saith he that holdeth the seven stars in his right hand, who walketh in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks; I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience, and how thou canst not bear them which are evil: and... Mentions: Jacob/Israel , Ephesus , Smyrna , Thyatira .

Numbers 16
3% Chapter
Numbers • Chapter 16 (50 verses)

Now Korah , the son of Izhar , the son of Kohath , the son of Levi , and Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab , and On, the son of Peleth, sons of Reuben , took men: And they rose up before Moses , with certain of the children of Israel , two hundred and fifty princes of the assembly, fa... Mentions: Korah , Izhar (or Amminadab), Kohath , Levi , Eliab .

The Fourth Book of the Maccabees • Chapter 16 (25 verses)

If, then, even a woman, and that an aged one, and the mother of seven children, endured to see her children’s torments even to death, confessedly religious reasoning is master even of the passions. I have proved, then, that not only men have obtained the mastery of their passions... Mentions: Daniel , Eleazar , Abram/Abraham , Isaac , Jacob/Israel .

Job 33
3% Chapter
Job • Chapter 33 (33 verses)

Wherefore, Job , I pray thee, hear my speeches, and hearken to all my words. Behold, now I have opened my mouth, my tongue hath spoken in my mouth. My words shall be of the uprightness of my heart: and my lips shall utter knowledge clearly.

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