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blood, lifeblood, shed blood. Blood, lifeblood; vehicle of creaturely life ('life of the flesh is in the blood', Leviticus 17:11) given upon altar to make atonement.

guilt offering, trespass offering, guilt. Guilt offering, reparation offering; required when sacred things were violated, mandating full restitution plus one-fifth; applied to Servant (Isaiah 53:10).

to live, have life, revive. To live, preserve alive, revive, recover from death or sickness; theological in Deuteronomy ('that you may live') and Ezekiel ('shall these dry bones live?').

atonement, expiation (Yom Kippur). Atonement, expiation; occurs in plural of intensity Yom Kippurim (Day of Atonement, Leviticus 23:27), annual cleansing of sanctuary and nation.

an appeasing, a means of appeasing, propitiation. Primary meaning: an appeasing, a means of appeasing, propitiation, forgiveness. Strong's: atonement, i.e. (concretely) an expiator. Lexical nuances: an appeasing (Plut.).

to atone, expiate, cover, propitiate. To atone, make propitiation, purge, ransom; central action in Leviticus whereby blood expiates guilt, cleanses defilement, and turns away wrath.

to forgive, pardon (solely divine). To forgive, pardon; reserved in Hebrew Bible exclusively for divine forgiveness, never human pardoning; God blotting out guilt upon atonement.

mercy seat, propitiatory cover. Propitiatory cover, mercy seat; solid gold slab atop Ark where atoning blood was sprinkled on Yom Kippur, achieving propitiation.

death, realm of death, pestilence. Death, physical expiration, pestilence, personified power of darkness and the grave; the ultimate enemy swallowed up in divine victory (Isaiah 25:8).

young bull, steer, premier sacrificial victim. Young bull; premier sacrificial victim prescribed for high priest's sin offering, whole congregation sin offering, and Day of Atonement.

to lift up, carry, bear iniquity, forgive. To lift, carry, bear; in soteriological context, to bear away iniquity as substitutionary bearer, hence to forgive ('bearing iniquity and transgression', Exodus 34:7; Isaiah 53:4, 12).

to fence with pales, impalisade, to crucify. Primary meaning: to fence with pales, impalisade, to crucify. Strong's: to impale on the cross; figuratively, to extinguish (subdue) passion or selfishness. Lexical nuances: to fence with pales, impalisade (Thuc.).

sin, fault, guilt, penalty. Sin, moral delinquency, liability to punishment before the divine tribunal; frequently bears capital sentence ('sin unto death').

sin offering, purification offering, sin. Sin offering, purification offering, sin itself; sacrificial animal whose blood purified sanctuary and altar from defilement.

sacrifice, slaughtered meal, oblation. Sacrifice, slaughtered animal offering followed by communal sacred meal; common term for bloody sacrifice alongside burnt offerings.

release effected by payment of ransom, redemption, deliverance. Primary meaning: release effected by payment of ransom, redemption, deliverance. Strong's: (the act) ransom in full, i.e. (figuratively) riddance, or (specially) Christian salvation. Lexical nuances: release effected by payment of ransom , redemption , deliverance ; metaph., He 11:35 ; of deliverance thr. Christ from evil and the consequences of sin: Lk 21:28 , Ro 3:24 (Vau., in l.) 8:23, I Co 1:30 , Eph 1:7 , 14 4:30 , Col 1:14 , He 9:15 . (On the extent to wh. the word retains the sense of ransom , v. ICC , Ro. , 3:24 , Westc., He. , 297 ff.; v. also ICC , Eph. , 11; DCG , ii, 605; Cremer...

iniquity, perversity, guilt and punishment. Crookedness, perversity, iniquity, guilt, and the punishment incurred by twisted rebellion; theological triad with chatta'at and pesha (Exodus 34:7).

blood.. Primary meaning: blood.. Strong's: blood, literally (of men or animals), figuratively (the juice of grapes) or specially (the atoning blood of Christ); by implication, bloodshed, also kindred. Lexical nuances: blood. In the ordinary sense: Mk 5:25 , Lk 8:43 , 44 22:44 , Jo 19:34 , Ac 15:20 , 29 21:25 , Re 8:7 , 8 11:6 16:3 , 4 , 6 19:13 . In special senses: of generation, origin, kinship (cl.): Jo 1:13 (v. MM, VGT , s.v.); as in OT (AR on Eph , 6:12 ), in the phrase σάρξ καὶ αἷ. ( αἷ. κ. σ. ), to indicate human nature as opp. to God and created spirits: Mt 16:17 , I Co 15:50 , Ga 1:16 , Eph 6:12 , He...

exchange, reconciliation. Primary meaning: exchange, reconciliation. Strong's: exchange (figuratively, adjustment), i.e. restoration to (the divine) favor. Lexical nuances: exchange .

ransom, redemption price, bribe. Ransom price, redemption fee paid to deliver a forfeited life from death; basis of redemption where innocent substitute pays price.

pale, stake, the Cross. Primary meaning: pale, stake, the Cross. Strong's: a stake or post (as set upright), i.e. (specially), a pole or cross (as an instrument of capital punishment); figuratively, exposure to death, i.e. self-denial; by implication, the atonement of Christ. Lexical nuances: an upright pale or stake (Hom., Hdt., Thuc., al.)

to be just, righteous, justify, vindicate. To be in the right, be declared innocent, vindicate, justify; forensic acquittal in judicial settings.

propitiatory. Primary meaning: propitiatory. Strong's: an expiatory (place or thing), i.e. (concretely) an atoning victim, or (specially) the lid of the Ark (in the Temple). Lexical nuances: propitiatory ( μνῆμα , FlJ, Ant. , xvi, 7, 1; θάνατος , II Mac, l.c.): of Christ, Ro 3:25 ; as subst., το ἱ. (sc. ἐπίθεμα , Ex 25:16 , 17 , where the word first occurs in LXX and where ἱ. ἐ. = כַּפֹּרֶת (q.v. in BDB, s.v.), elsewhere rendered simply τὸ ἱ ; cf. Deiss., 124 ff.; Westc., He. , in l.), He 9:5 .†

a raising up, awakening, rising. Primary meaning: a raising up, awakening, rising, a rising from the dead. Strong's: a standing up again, i.e. (literally) a resurrection from death (individual, genitive case or by implication, (its author)), or (figuratively) a (moral) recovery (of spiritual truth). Lexical nuances: a raising up , awakening , rising (in Inscr. of the erection of a monument, v. MM, VGT , s.v.): Lk 2:34 .

tree, wood, timber, gallows. Tree, wood; features in primeval garden (Tree of Life, Tree of Knowledge), altar/ark, and tree bearing covenant curse (Deuteronomy 21:23).

perpetuity, endurance, victory. Eminence, endurance, everlastingness, perpetuity, truth; unwavering consistency of God ('The Glory of Israel will not lie', 1 Samuel 15:29).

soul, life, living being, person. Throat, neck, appetite, breath, life, living creature; in biblical anthropology, humanity was created a living soul (nephesh chayah), a psychophysical unity.

he-goat, hairy goat, sin offering goat. He-goat, buck; standard animal for communal sin offerings, ruler's sin offering, and the two goats on Day of Atonement.

Azazel, scapegoat, removal. Azazel, scapegoat; live goat on Yom Kippur upon whose head sins were confessed, sent into wilderness typifying total removal of guilt.

discipline, correction, instruction. Moral discipline, corrective chastening; parental and divine education forming character through loving rebuke.

transgression, rebellion, revolt. Rebellion, breach of relationship, defiant revolt against sovereign authority; willful breach of covenant stipulations (Isaiah 53:5).

incorruptibility, immortality. Primary meaning: incorruptibility, immortality. Strong's: incorruptibility; genitive, unending existence; (figuratively) genuineness. Lexical nuances: incorruptibility , immortality : Ro 2:7 , I Co 15:42 , 50 , 53 , 54 , II Ti 1:10 ; ἀγαπώντων . . . ἐν ἀ. , Eph 6:24 (v. AR, in l.).†

to sprinkle, spatter. To sprinkle purifying blood, water, or oil upon altar, mercy seat, or worshiper; applied prophetically to Messiah ('sprinkle many nations', Isaiah 52:15).