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Early Church, Acts & Pauline Epistles

Early Church, Acts & Pauline Epistles (Wiki Article • New Testament & Messiah): Following the ascension of Yeshua and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost in Acts 1 –2, the apostolic community spread from Jerusalem and Judea to Samaria , Antioch , Corinth , Ephesus , and Rome , documented across Acts and the twenty-one New Testament Epistles. It is closely linked with Acts Part 2 (Chapters 13–28) (VIDEO • overview): Overview of Acts 13 –28 following Paul's missionary journeys across the Greco-Roman world, the Jerusalem Council uniting Jewish and Gentile believers, trials, and unhindered proclamation in Rome .

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary History Perspective

Media Assets (36)

Acts Part 2 (Chapters 13–28) 8:04
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Acts 13 –28 following Paul's missionary journeys across the Greco-Roman world, the Jerusalem Council uniting Jewish and Gentile believers, trials, and unhindered proclamation in Rome .

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Acts Part 1 (Chapters 1–12) 8:16
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Acts 1 –12 showing the Risen Jesus empowering his followers with the Holy Spirit at Pentecost , the bold multi-ethnic community in Jerusalem , and early expansion across Judea and Samaria .

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Romans Part 1 (Chapters 1–4) 7:47
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Romans 1 –4 exploring God's righteousness, humanity's universal bondage under sin, and justification by faith in Jesus Christ as fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Gallio Proconsul Inscription at Delphi
IMAGE • archaeology

Greek letter of Emperor Claudius at Delphi mentioning L. Junius Gallio, Proconsul of Achaia ( Acts 18:12 ).

Curators & Archaeologists of Delphi Archaeological Museum • Delphi Archaeological Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Map of Paul's First Missionary Journey (Acts 13–14)
IMAGE • maps

Antioch to Cyprus ( Salamis , Paphos ), Perga , Pisidian Antioch , Iconium , Lystra , and Derbe .

Historical Biblical Cartographers • Geographicus / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Map of Paul's Voyage to Rome (Acts 27–28)
IMAGE • maps

Sea voyage from Caesarea through Sidon , Myra , Fair Havens ( Crete ), shipwreck at Malta , and arrival in Rome .

Townsend MacCoun (1899) • The Holy Land in Geography and in History / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Map of Paul's Second Missionary Journey (Acts 15:36–18:22)
IMAGE • maps

Cilicia , Galatia , Troas (Macedonian Call), Philippi , Thessalonica , Berea , Athens , and Corinth .

Historical Biblical Cartographers • Geographicus / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Map of Paul's Third Missionary Journey (Acts 18:23–21:16)
IMAGE • maps

Extended 3-year ministry in Ephesus , visit to Macedonia and Greece , and journey to Jerusalem .

Historical Biblical Cartographers • Geographicus / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Caravaggio — The Conversion of Saint Paul (1601)
IMAGE • artwork

Saul fallen from his horse on the road to Damascus , overcome by the radiant heavenly light of Christ .

Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) • Galleria Borghese / Roman Churches Public Domain Mark 1.0
Raphael — Saint Paul Preaching in Athens (1515)
IMAGE • artwork

The Apostle Paul proclaiming the Unknown God and the resurrection to the philosophers of the Areopagus .

Raphael Sanzio • Vatican Museums / Victoria and Albert Museum Public Domain Mark 1.0
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PDF • charts

Visual timeline mapping the letters of Paul to his missionary journeys, Corinthian pastorate, and Roman imprisonments.

The Biblical World Editorial Board (1913) • University of Chicago Press / Internet Archive Public Domain Mark 1.0
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PDF • facsimiles

Photographic edition of the earliest extant manuscript of Paul's letters, including Hebrews and Romans .

Early Christian Alexandrian Scribe (3rd Century CE) • Chester Beatty Library, Dublin / University of Michigan Public Domain Mark 1.0
Parthenon at the Athenian Acropolis
IMAGE • artwork

Iconic Doric temple of Athena Parthenos overlooking Athens where the Apostle Paul delivered his speech at the Areopagus .

Curators & Archaeologists of Acropolis of Athens • Acropolis of Athens / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Papyrus 46 (Chester Beatty II) Opening of Hebrews
IMAGE • manuscripts

Oldest surviving manuscript folio of the Pauline epistles containing the opening chapter of Hebrews 1:1–7 .

Curators & Archaeologists of University of Michigan / Chester Beatty • University of Michigan / Chester Beatty / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Erastus Pavement Inscription at Corinth
IMAGE • archaeology

Latin pavement inscription by Corinth theater: 'Erastus in return for his aedileship laid this pavement at his own expense'.

Curators & Archaeologists of Corinth Archaeological Museum • Corinth Archaeological Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Caesarea Maritima Roman Theater
IMAGE • archaeology

Herodian semicircular limestone theatre along the Mediterranean coast where Herod Agrippa I died ( Acts 12:21-23 ).

Curators & Archaeologists of Israel Nature and Parks Authority • Israel Nature and Parks Authority / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Porcius Festus Procurator Prutah
IMAGE • archaeology

Bronze coin struck at Caesarea under Porcius Festus, bearing Nero Caesar's Greek wreath title.

Curators & Archaeologists of Israel Museum • Israel Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Politarch Inscription of Thessalonica
IMAGE • archaeology

Greek lintel inscription from the Vardar Gate naming the civic magistrates of Thessalonica as 'Politarchs'.

Curators & Archaeologists of British Museum • British Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Roman Forum Curia Julia and Senate House
IMAGE • artwork

Senate house in the heart of the Roman Forum where the Roman Senate convened during the late Republic and imperial Principate.

Curators & Archaeologists of Roman Forum, Rome • Roman Forum, Rome / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Antonius Felix Procurator Prutah (Nero Caesar)
IMAGE • archaeology

Bronze prutah minted under Procurator Antonius Felix bearing the name of Nero Claudius Caesar and crossed palm branches.

Curators & Archaeologists of British Museum • British Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Classical Athenian Owl Tetradrachm
IMAGE • archaeology

Silver tetradrachm of Athens with helmeted Athena on obverse and the iconic owl with olive sprig on reverse.

Curators & Archaeologists of Metropolitan Museum of Art • Metropolitan Museum of Art / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Eurasian Silk Road (Rome to Han Dynasty)
IMAGE • maps

Continental trans-Eurasian trade route network connecting the Roman Empire, Parthian Persia , Kushan Empire, and Han Dynasty China.

Curators & Archaeologists of UNESCO Silk Road Programme • UNESCO Silk Road Programme / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Gallio Inscription at Delphi — Proconsul of Achaia (Acts 18:12)
IMAGE • archaeology

Rescript of Emperor Claudius dating the proconsulship of Gallio in Corinth to 51–52 CE, the chronological anchor of Pauline chronology.

Chancery of Emperor Claudius (52 CE) • Delphi Archaeological Museum, Greece CC-BY-SA 4.0
Papyrus 45 (Chester Beatty I) Gospels and Acts
IMAGE • manuscripts

Early 3rd-century papyrus codex folio containing portions of the four Gospels and Acts of the Apostles.

Curators & Archaeologists of Chester Beatty Library, Dublin • Chester Beatty Library, Dublin / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Book of 2 Timothy 8:05
VIDEO • overview

Overview of 2 Timothy capturing Paul's moving final letter from a Roman prison, urging Timothy to suffer hardship for the Gospel, guard the sound word, and preach the Word.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Book of 2 Corinthians 8:38
VIDEO • overview

Overview of 2 Corinthians showing Paul defending his apostolic ministry by exalting weakness, suffering, and cruciform leadership through which Christ 's power is perfected.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Papyrus 46 (Chester Beatty II) — Romans 8:15–27
IMAGE • manuscripts

Preserving Paul's declaration of adoption as sons ('Abba, Father') and the Spirit's intercession.

Early Christian Alexandrian Scribe (3rd Century CE) • Chester Beatty Library, Dublin / University of Michigan Public Domain Mark 1.0
Romans Part 2 (Chapters 5–16) 9:10
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Romans 5 –16 covering life in the Spirit, God's covenant faithfulness to Israel , and unified church community embodying self-giving love.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Codex Vaticanus (B, 03) — Romans 1:1–17
IMAGE • manuscripts

Paul's thesis of the Gospel: 'The righteous shall live by faith' ( Habakkuk 2:4 quotation).

4th-Century Christian Uncial Scribes • Vatican Apostolic Library (Vat. gr. 1209) Public Domain Mark 1.0
Papyrus 46 (Chester Beatty II) — 1 Corinthians 13
IMAGE • manuscripts

Paul's discourse on Love ('Love is patient, love is kind') in early 3rd-century papyrus Greek.

Early Christian Alexandrian Scribe (3rd Century CE) • Chester Beatty Library, Dublin / University of Michigan Public Domain Mark 1.0
Book of 1 Timothy 9:16
VIDEO • overview

Overview of 1 Timothy giving guidance to Timothy for restoring order, healthy teaching, and leadership character in the Ephesian church as household of God.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Papyrus 46 (Chester Beatty II) — Hebrews 1:1–2:3
IMAGE • manuscripts

Earliest surviving collection of the Pauline epistles (c. 175–225 CE) including Hebrews .

Early Christian Alexandrian Scribe (3rd Century CE) • Chester Beatty Library, Dublin / University of Michigan Public Domain Mark 1.0
Temple Warning Inscription (Soreg Balustrade)
IMAGE • archaeology

Limestone slab warning non-Jews on pain of death from entering the inner Temple courts in Jerusalem .

Curators & Archaeologists of Istanbul Archaeology Museum • Istanbul Archaeology Museum / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Book of 1 Corinthians 8:47
VIDEO • overview

Overview of 1 Corinthians addressing church division, sexual ethics, food, worship disorders, and the bodily resurrection of Jesus as foundation of Christian hope.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Book of Ephesians 8:57
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Ephesians revealing God's grand plan to unite all things in Christ , reconciling Jew and Gentile into one body, and empowering believers with the armor of God.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Book of Galatians 9:15
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Galatians passionately defending the true Gospel of grace against legalism, showing that justification is by faith in Christ alone and producing fruit of the Spirit.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
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