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מִשְׁפָּט (mispat)

מִשְׁפָּט (mispat) (Hebrew Lexicon • H4941 • judgment, justice, ordinance, right): judgment, justice, ordinance, right. Justice, judicial verdict, case law; encompasses retributive justice against wickedness and protective advocacy for vulnerable (orphan, widow, alien). It is closely linked with Code of Hammurabi Stele — Babylonian Law & Mosaic Parallels (IMAGE • archaeology): Diorite stele in the Louvre Museum with 282 legal statutes illustrating Ancient Near Eastern covenantal jurisprudence.

Connected Genealogical Figures & Lineage

Melech (Generation 34 • Child of Micah ): Melech is a biblical figure in Generation 34, child of Micah . ( 1 Chronicles 9:41 ) (mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8 , 1 Chronicles 9 ) Abel (Generation 2 • Child of Adam ): Abel is a biblical figure in Generation 2, child of Adam . ( Genesis 4:2 , Genesis 4:8 ) (mentioned in Genesis 4 , Genesis 50 , Numbers 33 ) Abijah (Generation 36 • Messianic Line • Child of Rehoboam ): Abijah is a biblical figure in Generation 36 of the Messianic Line , child of Rehoboam , parent of Asa . ( 1 Chronicles 3:10 , Matthew 1:7 ) (mentioned in 1 Kings 14 , 1 Chronicles 3 , 1 Chronicles 24 ) Laban (Generation 22 • Child of Bethuel ): Laban is a biblical figure in Generation 22, child of Bethuel , parent of Leah , Rachael . ( Genesis 24:29 ) (mentioned in Genesis 24 , Genesis 25 , Genesis 27 )

Biblical Geography & Sacred Architecture

Key geographical locations connected to this topic include Abel-mizraim (Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 50:11 .) Mahaneh-dan (~. Referenced in Judg 13:25 , Judg 18:12 .) Debir 2 (now Ed Dhaherie. Referenced in Josh 15:7 .) Abel-maim (Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Chr 16:4 (identified with Abel-beth-maacah ).)

Scripture Witness (KJV) & Canonical Context

Related canonical books and chapters: 2 Esdras 1 ( 2 Esdras • Chapter 1 (40 verses)), Judith 8 ( Judith • Chapter 8 (36 verses)), 1 Chronicles 9 ( 1 Chronicles • Chapter 9 (44 verses)).

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary

Topics, People & Places (36)

מִשְׁפָּט
mispat (mišpāṭ) [mish-PAWT]
H4941 Hebrew noun masculine 421x
judgment, justice, ordinance, right

Justice, judicial verdict, case law; encompasses retributive justice against wickedness and protective advocacy for vulnerable (orphan, widow, alien).

Derivation: From שָׁפַט (H8199) to judge.
Code of Hammurabi Stele — Babylonian Law & Mosaic Parallels
IMAGE • archaeology

Diorite stele in the Louvre Museum with 282 legal statutes illustrating Ancient Near Eastern covenantal jurisprudence.

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
🎬
VIDEO • theme

Discover the deep biblical meaning of justice (mishpat) and righteousness (tzedakah) as restorative, active defense of the vulnerable rather than mere punitive retribution.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
🎬
Book of Amos
VIDEO 99%
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Amos confronting Israel 's religious hypocrisy and economic exploitation of the vulnerable, demanding justice roll down like waters, and promising David 's fallen tent will be restored.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
🎬
Book of Micah
VIDEO 99%
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Micah exposing social injustice and religious bribery among Judah 's leaders, anticipating exile yet heralding a Shepherd-Ruler born in Bethlehem who executes justice and loves mercy.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Abel-mizraim
70% Place
Biblical Place • Ancient Near East

Ancient biblical location referenced in Gen 50:11 .

Melech
70% Gen 34
Generation 34 • Child of Micah

Melech is a biblical figure in Generation 34, child of Micah . ( 1 Chronicles 9:41 )

Mahaneh-dan
69% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 31.758°N, 34.994°E

~. Referenced in Judg 13:25 , Judg 18:12 .

Debir 2
68% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 31.817°N, 35.350°E

now Ed Dhaherie. Referenced in Josh 15:7 .

Abel-maim
66% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Abel-beth-maacah • 33.269°N, 35.578°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Chr 16:4 (identified with Abel-beth-maacah ).

2 Chronicles Chapter 3, Verse 1

Scripture passage in 2 Chronicles 3:1

Abel
64% Gen 2
Generation 2 • Child of Adam

Abel is a biblical figure in Generation 2, child of Adam . ( Genesis 4:2 , Genesis 4:8 )

Abel
64% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Abel-beth-maacah • 33.269°N, 35.578°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in 2 Sam 20:14 , 2 Sam 20:15 , 2 Sam 20:18 (identified with Abel-beth-maacah ).

Laban
64% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Ashnah • 31.810°N, 34.937°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Deut 1:1 (identified with Ashnah ).

Abijah
64% Messianic Line
Generation 36 • Messianic Line • Child of Rehoboam

Abijah is a biblical figure in Generation 36 of the Messianic Line , child of Rehoboam , parent of Asa . ( 1 Chronicles 3:10 , Matthew 1:7 )

Amaw
63% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Pethor • 36.655°N, 38.069°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Num 22:5 (identified with Pethor ).

Debir 3
63% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Lo-debar • 32.662°N, 35.784°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Josh 13:26 (identified with Lo-debar ).

ἀνάληψις
analepsis (análēpsis) [an-al'-ape-sis]
G0354 Greek noun feminine 1x
a taking up

Primary meaning: a taking up. Strong's: ascension. Lexical nuances: a taking up : Lk 9:51 (MM, VGT , s.v.).†

Derivation: from G353 (ἀναλαμβάνω);
Abel-keramim
60% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 32.024°N, 35.824°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Judg 11:33 .

2 Chronicles Chapter 26, Verse 9

Scripture passage in 2 Chronicles 26:9

Laban
58% Gen 22
Generation 22 • Child of Bethuel

Laban is a biblical figure in Generation 22, child of Bethuel , parent of Leah , Rachael . ( Genesis 24:29 )

1 Chronicles Map
56% Book Map
Interactive Book Map • 1 Chronicles

Geographic map plotting ancient cities, rivers, mountains, and events recorded across the Book of 1 Chronicles .

Abel-shittim
55% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • 31.858°N, 35.642°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Num 33:49 .

2 Chronicles Map
55% Book Map
Interactive Book Map • 2 Chronicles

Geographic map plotting ancient cities, rivers, mountains, and events recorded across the Book of 2 Chronicles .

Vale of Succoth
52% Mapped Place
Biblical Place • Succoth 1 • 32.200°N, 35.633°E

Ancient biblical location referenced in Ps 60:6 (identified with Succoth 1 ).

2 Esdras 1
51% Chapter
2 Esdras • Chapter 1 (40 verses)

THE second book of the prophet Esdras, Saraias, the son of Azaraias, the son of Helkias, the son of Salemas, the son of Sadoc, the son of Ahitob, the son of Achias, the son of Phinees, the son of Heli, the son of Amarias, the son of Aziei, the son of Marimoth, the son of Arna, th... Mentions: Eleazar , Aaron , Levi , Moses , Jacob/Israel , Egypt , Tyre , Sidon .

Judith 8
50% Chapter
Judith • Chapter 8 (36 verses)

And in those days Judith heard thereof, the daughter of Merari , the son of Ox, the son of Joseph , the son of Oziel, the son of Elkiah, the son of Ananias, the son of Gideon, the son of Raphaim, the son of Ahitub , the son of Elihu, the son of Eliab , the son of Nathanael, the son o... Mentions: Merari , Joseph , Ahitub , Eliab , Jacob/Israel , Mesopotamia , Syria , Laban .

ἀναθεματίζω
anathematizo (anathematízō) [an-ath-em-at-id'-zo]
G0332 Greek verb 4x
to devote to destruction, declare, invoke anathema

Primary meaning: to devote to destruction, declare, invoke anathema, to bind oneself under a curse. Strong's: to declare or vow under penalty of execration. Lexical nuances: to devote to destruction , declare or invoke anathema : absol., Mk 14:71 ; ἐαντόν , to bind oneself under a curse : Ac 23:12 , 14 23:21 (cf. καταναθεματίζω , and on the occurrence of the word in π. , v. Deiss., LAE , 92 f.; MM, VGT , s.v.).†

Derivation: from G331 (ἀνάθεμα);
2 Chronicles Chapter 26, Verse 23

Scripture passage in 2 Chronicles 26:23

2 Chronicles Chapter 32, Verse 30

Scripture passage in 2 Chronicles 32:30

1 Chronicles 9
49% Chapter
1 Chronicles • Chapter 9 (44 verses)

So all Israel were reckoned by genealogies; and, behold, they were written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah , who were carried away to Babylon for their transgression. Now the first inhabitants that dwelt in their possessions in their cities were, the Israelites, the p... Mentions: Jacob/Israel, Judah , Benjamin , Ephraim , Manasseh , Babylon , Jerusalem , Immer , Gibeon .

Nehemiah 11
48% Chapter
Nehemiah • Chapter 11 (36 verses)

And the rulers of the people dwelt at Jerusalem : the rest of the people also cast lots, to bring one of ten to dwell in Jerusalem the holy city, and nine parts to dwell in other cities. And the people blessed all the men, that willingly offered themselves to dwell at Jerusalem. N... Mentions: Judah , Jacob/Israel , Benjamin , Azariah (or Uzziah ), Zechariah , Jerusalem, Solomon's , Immer , Ophel , Dibon 1 .

αἰώνιος
aionios (aiṓnios) [ahee-o'-nee-os]
G0166 Greek adjective 71x
age-long, eternal

Primary meaning: age-long, eternal. Strong's: perpetual (also used of past time, or past and future as well). Lexical nuances: age-long , eternal , of that which is without either beginning or end: Ro 16:26 , He 9:14 ; of that which is without beginning: Ro 16:25 , II Ti 1:9 , Tit 1:2 ; of that which is without end (MM, VGT , s.v.): σκηναί , Lk 16:9 οἰκία , II Co 5:1 ; διαθήκη , He 13:20 ; εὐαγγέλιον , Re 14:6 ; παράκλησις , II Th 2:16 ; λύτρωσις , He 9:12 ; κληρονομία , ib. 15 ; κόλασις , Mt 25:46 ; κρίμα , He 6:2 ; κ...

Derivation: from G165 (αἰών);
Bulla of Baruch Son of Neriah — Clay Seal of Jeremiah's Scribe
IMAGE • archaeology

Ancient clay sealing reading 'Belonging to Berekhyahu, son of Neriyahu, the scribe' matching Jeremiah 36:4 .

Baruch ben Neriah (Biblical Scribe) • The Israel Museum, Jerusalem CC-BY-SA 4.0

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