T3 Scholarly Historical Consensus 65% ANE / Mesopotamian
c. 1700 BC (Old Babylonian Period)
Tablet I describes creating man: 'Let one god be slaughtered, and let the gods be cleansed by immersion. With his flesh and his blood let Nintu mix clay.' Tablet III describes the flood and Atrahasis building an ark on Enki's secret advice.
T3 Scholarly Historical Consensus 65% ANE / Mesopotamian
3D Model →
c. 1200–650 BC (Library of Ashurbanipal copy 7th c. BC)
Lines 14–157 recount: the god Ea warns Utnapishtim to dismantle his house, build a massive reed ship sealed with bitumen, bring beasts of the field, weather a devastating 6-day storm that terrifies the gods, and release a dove, swallow, and raven to find dry ground.
T2 Independent Ancient Historians 82% Global / East Asian / Indian
c. 2600–1900 BC (Mature Harappan Phase)
Archaeological excavations at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa revealed standard kiln-fired bricks (1:2:4 ratio), the Great Bath, massive public granaries, and steatite stamp seals depicting unicorns, humped bulls, and an undeciphered Indus script.