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Job

Job (Old Testament • 42 Chapters): Job (Old Testament, 42 chapters). Key figures: Eliphaz , Adam , Ram (or Amram ). Key places: Tema , Sheba , Ophir , Ethiopia , Adam , Jordan . Opens with: "There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job; and that man was perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and eschewed evil...." It is closely linked with Book of Job (VIDEO • overview): Overview of Job examining the mystery of suffering, divine wisdom, the inadequacy of the retribution principle, and trusting God's complex cosmic order.

Connected Topics & Entities Book/Chapter Verse Person Place Lexicon Theology Commentary

Media Assets (36)

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Book of Job
VIDEO 99%
VIDEO • overview

Overview of Job examining the mystery of suffering, divine wisdom, the inadequacy of the retribution principle, and trusting God's complex cosmic order.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
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VIDEO • overview

Overview of Isaiah 1 –39 chronicling warning of judgment on rebellious Jerusalem and surrounding nations, the vision of the Holy One of Israel , and prophecy of the coming Immanuel King.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
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VIDEO • overview

Overview of Isaiah 40 –66 announcing comfort for exiles, the Suffering Servant who bears the sins of the world, and God's renewed covenant in a new creation.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
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VIDEO • overview

Overview of 1 Samuel charting Israel 's transition to monarchy through the prophet Samuel , King Saul 's tragic fall into pride, and David 's faithful rise through humility.

BibleProject • BibleProject CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 / Standard YouTube License
Leningrad Codex (B19a) — Isaiah 52–53
IMAGE • manuscripts

Masoretic Hebrew text of the Fourth Servant Song with critical masorah parva and magna.

Qumran Essene Scribes / Early Christian Copyists • Shrine of the Book / Israel Antiquities Authority Public Domain Mark 1.0
Codex Washingtonianus (W, 032) — The Freer Logion
IMAGE • manuscripts

Fifth-century Gospels codex in the Smithsonian preserving an expanded post-resurrection dialogue.

Qumran Essene Scribes / Early Christian Copyists • Shrine of the Book / Israel Antiquities Authority Public Domain Mark 1.0
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PDF • facsimiles

High-definition publication of the 24-foot leather scroll containing all 66 chapters of Isaiah from Qumran Cave 1.

Constantin von Tischendorf (1863) • JSTOR / Internet Archive Public Domain Mark 1.0
Arad Ostraca — 'House of YHWH' Sherd (Beit YHWH)
IMAGE • archaeology

Judahite fortress letter mentioning provisions for the travelers and 'the House of YHWH' in Jerusalem .

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Oriental Institute Prism of Sennacherib — Third Campaign
IMAGE • archaeology

Hexagonal cuneiform prism recording Sennacherib's capture of 46 fortified Judean cities and tribute from Hezekiah .

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
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VIDEO • educational

Educational video exploration through the narrow Siq canyon arriving at Al-Khazneh (The Treasury) in the rocky heartland of ancient Edom .

Ankur P (Cinematographer) • Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 3.0
Trumpeting Place Inscription — Temple Mount Ashlar
IMAGE • archaeology

Hebrew stone found at the foot of the Temple Mount inscribed 'To the place of trumpeting to declare the Sabbath'.

Herodian Stonemasons (1st Century CE) • The Israel Museum, Jerusalem CC-BY-SA 4.0
Lachish Letters (Ostracon IV) — Watching for Fire Signals
IMAGE • archaeology

Pottery sherd letter written on the eve of Nebuchadnezzar's destruction: 'We are watching for the fire signals of Lachish '.

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
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VIDEO • educational

Photogrammetric drone survey of the sheer mountain fortress and surrounding circumvallation wall in the Judean desert.

Masada National Park Historical Video Archive • Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
Bar Kokhba Letters — Autographs of Shimon Bar Kokhba
IMAGE • archaeology

Military dispatches from the leader of the Second Jewish Revolt (132–135 CE) found in Nahal Hever.

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Behistun Inscription — Darius the Great Trilingual Relief
IMAGE • archaeology

Colossal rock relief in Iran carved in Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian, key to deciphering cuneiform and Persian royal decrees in Ezra .

Achaemenid Persian Stonemasons (Darius the Great) • UNESCO World Heritage Site, Bisotun CC-BY-SA 4.0
Megiddo Solomonic City Gate — Six-Chambered Iron Age Gateway
IMAGE • archaeology

Monumental six-chambered ashlar gate matching royal engineering at Hazor and Gezer ( 1 Kings 9:15 ).

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Babatha Archive — Legal Documents from Cave of Letters
IMAGE • archaeology

Leather pouch containing 35 legal papyri preserved in the Judean wilderness during the Bar Kokhba revolt.

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
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PDF • monographs

Classic Oxford reference monograph analyzing the literary structure, historical sources, and date of the Hebrew Bible books.

S. R. Driver / I. M. Price • Internet Archive / Public Domain Public Domain Mark 1.0
Taylor Prism (Sennacherib's Annals) — Siege of Jerusalem
IMAGE • archaeology

Hexagonal baked clay prism in the British Museum recording Sennacherib's campaign against Hezekiah : 'I shut him up like a caged bird'.

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Gustave Doré — Moses Smashing the Tablets of the Law (1866)
IMAGE • artwork

Moses descending Sinai in holy indignation at the sight of the golden calf and shattering the stone tablets.

Gustave Doré / La Grande Bible de Tours • La Grande Bible de Tours (1866) Public Domain Mark 1.0
Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele) — Earliest Extra-Biblical Israel Mention
IMAGE • archaeology

Egyptian hieroglyphic victory poem from 1208 BCE preserving the earliest historical inscription naming ' Israel ' as a people in Canaan .

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Silwan Tomb Inscription — 'Over the Royal Household'
IMAGE • archaeology

Rock-cut tomb inscription in the Kidron Valley attributed to Shebna, the royal steward rebuked by Isaiah ( Isaiah 22:15 ).

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Library of Ashurbanipal Flood Tablet — Epic of Gilgamesh XI
IMAGE • archaeology

Cuneiform tablet discovered at Nineveh preserving the ancient Mesopotamian account of the catastrophic global deluge and ark.

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Tel Dan High Place — Sacred Precinct of Jeroboam's Golden Calf
IMAGE • archaeology

Monumental stone podium and horned altar enclosure established by Jeroboam I at Dan to rival Jerusalem .

Northern Kingdom of Israel Stone Builders • Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Tel Dan Stele — 'House of David' (Bytdwd) Inscription
IMAGE • archaeology

Ninth-century BCE basalt stele fragment discovered in northern Israel preserving the earliest extra-biblical reference to King David 's dynasty (' House of David ').

Aram-Damascus Stonecutters • Israel Museum, Jerusalem / Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
Seal of King Hezekiah — Royal Bulla from Ophel Excavations
IMAGE • archaeology

Impression of the royal signet ring of King Hezekiah featuring a two-winged sun disk and ankh symbols.

Chancery of King Hezekiah • Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Papyrus 75 (Bodmer XIV-XV) — End of Luke & Beginning of John
IMAGE • manuscripts

Unbroken transition showing Gospel canonical sequence in early Christian book production.

Early Christian Scribes (Bodmer Papyri) • Vatican Apostolic Library / Bodmer Library Public Domain Mark 1.0
Raphael — The Transfiguration (1520, Vatican Museums)
IMAGE • artwork

Raphael's final masterpiece juxtaposing Christ 's heavenly glory on Mount Tabor with the demon-possessed boy below.

Raphael Sanzio • Vatican Museums / Victoria and Albert Museum Public Domain Mark 1.0
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VIDEO • educational

Archaeological visualization of the Galilean fishing village, 4th-century white synagogue, and octagonal church.

Channel 2 Archaeological Expeditions • Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0
Seal of Isaiah the Prophet — Clay Bulla with 'Yesha'yahu Nvy'
IMAGE • archaeology

Clay sealing unearthed just south of the Temple Mount bearing the inscription 'Yesha'yahu [N]vy' ( Isaiah the Prophet).

Judean Royal Court Seals • The Israel Museum, Jerusalem CC-BY-SA 4.0
Dead Sea Scrolls — Habakkuk Pesher (1QpHab) Column 12
IMAGE • manuscripts

Eschatological commentary (pesher) interpreting Habakkuk 's prophecies in light of the Teacher of Righteousness.

Qumran Essene Scribes / Early Christian Copyists • Shrine of the Book / Israel Antiquities Authority Public Domain Mark 1.0
Map of the Babylonian Empire & Destruction of Jerusalem (586 BCE)
IMAGE • maps

Nebuchadnezzar's siege lines, destruction of the First Temple , and deportation of the exiles to Babylon .

Historical Biblical Cartographers • Geographicus / Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Elephantine Passover Papyrus — Jewish Colony in Egypt (419 BCE)
IMAGE • archaeology

Aramaic letter instructing the Jewish garrison at Elephantine on the observance of the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

Ancient Near Eastern Scribes and Stonemasons • The British Museum / Israel Antiquities Authority CC-BY-SA 4.0
Rembrandt — Jeremiah Lamenting the Destruction of Jerusalem (1630)
IMAGE • artwork

The sorrowful prophet resting his head as the city of Jerusalem and Solomon's Temple burn in the distance.

Rembrandt van Rijn • Rijksmuseum / Historical Archive Public Domain Mark 1.0
Papyrus 66 (Bodmer II) — Gospel of John 1:1–14
IMAGE • manuscripts

Magnificent early 3rd-century papyrus witness to the Johannine Prologue and the Incarnation.

Qumran Essene Scribes / Early Christian Copyists • Shrine of the Book / Israel Antiquities Authority Public Domain Mark 1.0
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PDF • charts

Detailed structural diagram of the Second Temple esplanade, Court of the Gentiles, Soreg barrier, and Antonia Fortress.

The Biblical World Editorial Board (1912) • University of Chicago Press / Internet Archive Public Domain Mark 1.0

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